10 राज्ये आणि अल्पसंख्याक

Appendix II TEXT OF THE POONA PACT (1) There shall be seats reserved for the Depressed Classes out of the general electorates seats in the Provincial Legislatures as follows : Madras .. .. .. 30 Bombay with Sind .. .. .. 15 Punjab .. .. .. 8 Bihar and Orissa .. .. .. 18 Central Provinces .. .. .. 20 Assam .. .. .. 7 Bengal .. .. .. 30 United Provinces .. .. .. 20 Total 148 These figures are based on total strength of the Provincial councils announced in the Prime Minister’s decision.

(2) Election to these seats shall be by joint electorates, subject however, to the following procedure :

All the members of the Depressed Classes registered in the general electoral roll in a constituency will form an electoral college, which will elect a panel of four candidates belonging to the Depressed Classes for each of such reserved seats, by the method of the single vote ; the four getting the highest number of votes in such Primary election, shall be candidates for election by the general electorate.

(3) Representation of the Depressed Classes in the Central Legislature shall likewise be on the principle of joint electorates and reserved seats by the method of Primary election in the manner provided for in clause (2) above, for their representation in the Provincial Legislatures. (4) In the Central Legislature, eighteen per cent of seats allotted to the general electorate for British India in the said Legislature shall be reserved for the Depressed Classes.

(5) The system of Primary election to a pannel of Candidates for election to the Central and Provincial Legislature, as hereinbefore mentioned, shall come to an end after the first ten years, unless terminated sooner by mutual agreement under the provision of clause (6) below.

(6) The system of representation of the Depressed Classes by reserved seats in the Provincial and Central Legislatures as provided for in clauses (1) and (4) shall continue until determined by mutual agreement between the communities concerned in the settlement.

(7) Franchise for the Central and Provincial Legislatures, for the Depressed Classes shall be as indicated in the Lothian Committee Report.

(8) There shall be no disabilities attaching to anyone on the ground of his being a member of the Depressed Class in regard to any elections to local bodies or appointment to the Public Services. Every endeavour shall be made to secure fair representation of the Depressed Classes in these respects, subject to such educational qualifications as may be laid down for appointment to the Public Service.

(9) In every Province out of the educational grant an adequate sum shall be earmarked for providing educational facilities to the Members of the Depressed Classes.

Appendix III DISADVANTAGES OF THE POONA PACT

1. The Poona Pact was intended to devise a method whereby the Scheduled Castes would be able to return to the Legislature representatives of their choice. This intention has been completely nullified as will be seen from the following series of statistics. The series have been constructed from the results of the last elections which took place in February 1946.

2. The statistical data is arranged in four series of tables : First series show the votes secured by the successful Caste Hindu candidate and the successful Scheduled Caste candidate in the Final election.

Second series show in how many cases did reliance on reservation clause become necessary for the success of the Scheduled Caste candidate in the Final election and in how many he succeeded without the benefit of reservation.

Third series show the relative voting strength of the Caste Hindus and the Scheduled Castes in constituencies in which seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes.

Fourth series show the position in the Primary election of the Scheduled Caste Candidates who became successful in the Final elections.

3. The conclusions that follow from these figures will not escape those who care to examine them. The figures prove the following propositions : (i) That every of the Scheduled Caste candidate who became successful in the Final election owed his success to the votes of the caste Hindus and not of the Scheduled Castes. A great many of them came to the top of the poll and secured votes equal to and in some cases larger than those obtained by Caste Hindu candidates ( See Tables in the First Series). Secondly, in very few constituencies was the successful Scheduled Caste candidate required to rely on reservation (See Tables in the Second Series). This is a most unexpected phenomenon. Anyone who compares the voting strength of the Scheduled Castes with the voting strength of the Caste Hindus in the different constituencies (See Tables in the Third Series) would realize that the voting strength of the Scheduled Castes is so small that such a phenomenon could never have occurred if only the Scheduled Castes voters had voted for the Scheduled Caste candidates. That they have occurred is proof positive that the success of the Scheduled Caste candidate in the Final election is conditioned by the Caste Hindu votes. (ii) That comparing the results of the Primary election with those of the Final election ( See Tables in the Fourth series) the Scheduled Caste candidate who was elected in the Final election was one who had failed in the Primary election (if the Primary election be treated as a Final election and the constituency be treated as a single-member constituency).

(iii) Owing to the extreme disparity between the voting strength of the Hindus and the Scheduled Castes—disparity which will not disappear even under adult suffrage—a system of joint electorates will not succeed in giving the Scheduled Castes the chance of returning their true representatives.

(iv) The Poona Pact has completely disfranchised the Scheduled Castes inasmuch as candidates whom they rejected in the Primary elections— which is a true index of their will—have been returned in the Final election by the votes of the Caste Hindus.

The Poona Pact is thus fraught with mischief. It was accepted because of the coercive fast of Mr. Gandhi and because of the assurance given at the time that the Hindus will not interfere in the election of the Scheduled Castes.

FIRST SERIES

Votes obtained by the successful Scheduled Caste candidates as compared with the votes secured by the successful Caste Hindu candidates. Page Nos.

Part I—Madras . . . . . . 433 Part II—Bengal . . . . . . 433-34 Part III—Bombay . . . . . . 434 Part IV—U.P. . . . . . . 435 Part V—C.P. . . . . . . 435 Part VI—Assam . . . . . . 436 Part VII—Orissa . . . . . . 436 First Series I. MADRAS Name of the Constituency Seats Votes polled by successful Hindu candidates Votes polled by successful Scheduled Caste candidates 1 23 4

1. Coconada .. .. 2 32,607 28,544

2. Ellore .. .. 2 37,618 38,195

3. Bandar .. .. 2 69,319 70,931

4. Ongole .. .. 2 50,906 49,992

5. Penukonda .. .. 2 17,406 18,125

6. Kurnool .. .. 2 32,756 32,294

7. Chingleput .. .. 2 13,865 15,129

8. Thiruvalur .. .. 2 17,225 17,818

9. Ranipet .. .. 2 21,249 21,059

10. Tiruvannamalai .. .. 2 31,476 32,132

11. Tindivanam .. .. 2 25,626 25,442

12. Chidambaram .. .. 2 15,272 14,874

13. Tanjore .. .. 2 26,904 16,133

14. Mannargudi .. .. 2 29,932 30,116

15. Ariyalur .. .. 2 22,656 20,520

16. Sattur .. .. 2 30,988 29,530

17. Malapuram .. .. 2 28,229 28,085

18. Namakkal .. .. 2 15,433 15,085 II. BENGAL Name of the Constituency Seats Votes polled by successful Hindu candidates Votes polled by successful Scheduled Caste candidates 1 2 3 45

1. Burdwan Central .. 2 42,858 33,903 . . . .

2. Burdwan, North-West .. 2 32,270 25,723 . . . .

3. Birbhum .. .. 2 24,629 20,252 . . . .

4. Bankura, West .. 2 30,388 21,266 . . . .

5. Thurgram-cum-Ghatal .. 2 40,900 19,060 . . . .

6. Hooghly, North-East .. 2 26,132 18,768 . . . .

7. Howrah .. .. 2 40,608 36,099 . . . .

8. 24 Parganas, South-East .. 2 50,345 38,459 . . . .

9. 24 Parganas, North-West .. 2 45,339 48,272 . . . .

10. Nadia .. .. 2 30,489 28,054 . . . .

11. Murshidabad .. .. 2 32,386 26,958 . . . .

12. Jessore .. .. 2 38,665 41,434 . . . .

II. BENGAL

Name of the Constituency Seats Votes polled by successful Hindu candidates Votes polled by successful Scheduled Caste candidates 1 2 3 45

13. Khulna .. .. 3 79,218 57,724 44,043

14. Malda .. .. 2 32,728 12,796 . . . .

15. Dinajpur .. .. 3 46,146 35,127 30,839

16. Jalpaiguri-cum -Siliguri .. 3 30,950 26,109 13,829

17. Rangpur .. .. 3 46,869 29,657 23,237

18. Bogra- cum-Pabna .. 2 43,249 31,515 . . . .

19. Dacca, East .. .. 2 51,808 31,392 . . . .

20. Mymensingh, West .. 2 37,983 32,782 . . . .

21. Mymensingh, East .. 2 43,678 32,207 . . . .

22. Faridpur .. .. 2 70,115 51,450 29,503

23. Bakargunj .. .. 2 48,560 28,560 . . . .

24. Tippera .. .. 2 60,146 59,051 . . . . III. BOMBAY Name of the Constituency Seats Votes secured by successful Hindu candidates Votes secured by successful Scheduled Caste candidates 1 23 4 5 6

1. Bombay City (Suburban) 3 57,182 47,835 . . . . 59,646

2. Bombay City (Byculla) .. 3 42,143 41,795 . . . . 43,251

3. Kaira District .. .. 4 68,044 63,422 57,394 69,807

4. Surat District .. .. 4 40,232 39,985 39,610 39,849

5. Thana, South .. .. 3 30,581 27,587 . . . . 11,630

6. Ahmednagar, South .. 3 25,747 20,948 . . . . 20,908

7. East Khandesh, East .. 4 38,721 34,349 33,960 36,136

8. Nasik, West .. .. 4 37,218 36,794 36,555 42,604

9. Poona, West .. .. 3 23,758 23,454 . . . . 24,709

10. Satara, North .. 4 44,315 42,727 41,474 43,961

11. Sholapur, North-East .. 3 19,380 16,705 . . . . 18,264

12. Belgaum, North .. 4 55,787 50,759 49,867 27,682

13. Bijapur, North .. 3 23,083 20,838 . . . . 16,059

14. Kolaba District .. 4 41,012 38,864 35,633 17,676

15. Ratnagiri, North .. 4 13,640 10,985 10,372 11,734

IV. UNITED PROVINCES

Name of the Constituency Seats Votes polled by successful Hindu candidates Votes polled by successful Scheduled Caste candidates 1 23 4

1. Lucknow City .. 2 24,614 14,110

2. Cawnpore City .. 2 34,550 34,782

3. Agra City .. 2 17,446 16,343

4. Allahabad City .. 2 19,870 10,308

5. Badaun District .. 2 6,716 14,037

6. Jalaun District .. 2 21,692 15,363

7. Basti District .. 2 14,450 15,447

8. Almora District .. 2 36,371 20,605

9. Rai Bareilli .. 2 15,917 1,889

10. Sitapur District .. 2 28,665 20,204

11. Gonda District .. 2 17,949 13,447 V. CENTRAL PROVINCES Name of the Constituency Seats Votes polled by successful Hindu candidates Votes polled by successful Scheduled Caste candidates 1 23 4

1. Nagpur City .. 2 21,905 23,595

2. Nagpur-Umred .. 2 8,330 7,847

3. Hinganghat-Wardha .. 2 11,677 10,781

4. Chanda-Brahmapuri .. 2 10,208 8,144

5. Chindwara-Sansad .. 2 16,365 6,190

6. Saugor-Khurai .. 2 7,829 5,162

7. Raipur .. 2 8,183 6,112

8. Baloda Bazar .. 2 21,861 9,659

9. Bilaspur .. 2 13,109 6,030

10. Mungeli .. 2 9,600 6,418

11. Tanjgir .. 2 11,914 7,419

12. Drug .. 2 5,975 5,593

13. Bhandara-Sakoli .. 2 16,824 10,491

14. Yeotmal-Daresha .. 2 10,915 4,719

15. Ellichpur .. 2 16,298 4,592

16. Chikhli-Mehkar .. 2 16,397 2,748

17. Akola-Balapur .. 2 6,455 5,567

VI. ASSAM

Name of the Constituency Seat Votes polled by successful Hindu candidates Votes polled by successful Scheduled Caste candidates 1 23 4 5

1. Kamrup-Saor, South .. 3 15,890 14,971 13,693

2. Nowgong .. 1 .... .... 14,560

3. Jorhat, North .. 2 17,429 .... 5,809

4. Habibganj .. 2 10,985 .... 9,770

5. Karimganj .. 2 12,562 .... 11,676

6. Silchar .. 3 17,340 .... 7,081 VII. ORISSA Name of the Constituency Seats Votes obtained by successful Hindu candidates Votes obtained by successful Scheduled Caste candidates 1 23 4

1. East Tajpur .. 2 8,427 8,712

2. East Burgarh .. 2 4,195 937

Second Series NUMBER OR CONSTITUENCIES IN WHICH RESERVATION BECAME NECESSARY FOR THE SCHEDULED CASTE CANDIDATES TO SUCCEED IN ELECTION Province Number of Constituencies in which seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes Number of Constituencies in which there was a conflict Number of Constituencies in which the contest was due to excess of Hindu candidates Number of Constituencies in which the contest was due to excess of Scheduled Caste candidates Number of Constituencies in which the contest was due to excess of both Number of Constituencies in which reliance on reservation became necessary for the Scheduled Caste candidates to succeed 1 2 3 6 5 6 7

1. Madras .. 30 18 14 17 .... None

2. Bengal .. 30 24 19 24 19 None

3. Bombay .. 15 15 15 15 15 2

4. C.P. .. 22 17 14 17 14 2

5. U.P. .. 15 11 5 11 6 None

6. Assam .. .... .... .... .... .... 2

7. Orissa .. .... 2 .... 2 .... None

8. Punjab .. 8 .... .... .... .... ....

Third Series RELATIVE VOTING STRENGTH OF CASTE HINDUS AND SCHEDULED CASTES I. MADRAS Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34

1. Madras City, South-Central 26,922 4,082 1 : 6.6

2. Chicacole .. 90,496 8,070 1 :11.2

3. Amalapuram .. 95,954 28,282 1 : 3.4

4. Cocanada .. 86,932 17,616 1 : 4.9

5. Ellore .. 88,249 16,835 1 : 5.24

6. Ongole .. 1,10,152 11,233 1 : 9.8

7. Gudur .. 52,415 10,263 1 : 5.1

8. Cuddapah .. 92,572 10,842 1 : 8.5

9. Penukonda .. 74,952 11,896 1 : 6.3

10. Bellary .. 85,928 10,146 1 : 8.5

11. Kurnool .. 72,753 11,679 1 : 6.2

12. Tirutanni .. 77,337 15,243 1 : 5.07

13. Chingleput .. 73,554 22.182 1 : 3.3

14. Tiruvallur .. 81,814 21,287 1 : 3.8

15. Ranipet .. 24,403 11,271 1 : 2.1

16. Tiruvannamalai .. 97,259 15,536 1 : 6.2

17. Tindivanam .. 85,514 19,221 1 : 4.4

18. Chidambaram .. 96,086 16,762 1 : 5.7

19. Tirukoyilur .. 1,02,482 21,733 1 : 4.7

20. Tanjore .. 99,496 13,198 1 : 7.5

21. Manaargudi .. 69,579 11,547 1 : 5.8

22. Ariyalur .. 1,13,630 16,772 1 : 6.7

23. Palani .. 92,655 13,521 1 : 6.8

24. Sattur .. 84,169 8,033 1 :10.5

25. Koilpatti .. 1,00,521 20,907 1 : 4.8

26. Pollachi .. 63,821 12,808 1 : 4.9

27. Namakkal .. 51,860 11,407 1 : 4.5

28. Coondapur .. 46,032 8,030 1 : 5.7

29. Malapuram .. 70,346 10,808 1 : 6.5

II. BOMBAY

Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34 General Urban 1 . Bombay City North and Bombay Suburban District .. 1,67,002 34,266 1 : 4.8

2. Bombay City— Byculla and Parel .. 1,52,991 28,520 1 : 5.3 General Rural

3. Kaira District .. 1,39,508 7,318 1 : 19.06

4. Surat District .. 85,670 4,765 1 : 18.8

5. Thana, South .. 67,749 4,668 1 : 14.5

6. Ahmednagar, South 73,162 7,382 1 : 9.9

7. East Khandesh, East 91,377 10,109 1 : 9.35

8. Nasik, West .. 99,274 12,698 1 : 7.7

9. Poona, West .. 73,551 13,055 1 : 5.6

10. Satara, North .. 95,459 11,152 1 : 8.5

11. Sholapur, North-East .. 64,583 9,713 1 : 6.6

12. Belgaum, North .. 79,422 18,303 1 : 4.3

13. Bijapur, North .. 60,655 8,993 1 : 6.7

14. Kolaba District .. 1,03,828 5,001 1 : 20.7

15. Ratnagiri, North 32,606 3,529 1 : 9.2 III. BENGAL Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34 General Rural

1. Burdwan, Central 74,306 24,610 1 : 3.01

2. Burdwan, North-West .. 80,035 16,830 1 : 4.8

3. Birbhum .. 1,03,231 37,637 1 : 2.7

4. Bankura, West .. 84,128 25,487 1 : 3.3

5. Midnapore, Central 99,961 20,167 1 : 4.95

6. Jhargam- cum-Ghatal 64,031 13,091 1 : 4.85

7. Hooghly, North-East. 67,697 20,318 1 : 3.33

8. Howrah .. 1,03,346 22,990 1 : 4.5

9. 24 Parganas, SouthWest.

82,366 47,378 1 : 1.7 III. BENGAL— contd.

Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34

10. 24 Parganas, NorthEast 85,477 30,607 1 : 2.78

11. Nadia .. 90,092 25,605 1 : 3.5

12. Murshidabad .. 81,083 17,176 1 : 4.8

13. Jessore .. 1,21,760 55,052 1 : 2.2

14. Khulna .. 1,45,335 76,848 1 : 1.87

15. Malda .. 73,664 29,010 1 : 2.54

16. Dinajpur .. 1,48,804 1,18,454 1 : 1.25

17. Jalpaiguri-cumSiliguri 78,552 65,679 1 : 1.2

18. Rangpur .. 29,437 65,679 1 : 0.44

19. Bogra- cum-Patna .. 87,704 33,873 1 : 2.58

20. Dacca, East .. 94,858 40,238 1 : 2.35

21. Myroensingh, West 98,795 38,046 1 : 2.59

22. Mymensingh, East 68,360 29,588 1 : 2.3

23. Faridpur .. 1,72,683 96,319 1 : 1.7

24. Bakarganj, SouthWest.

78,796 49,014 1 : 1.6

25. Tippera .. 1,27,097 34,813 1 : 3.61 IV. UNITED PROVINCES Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34 General Urban

1. Lucknow City .. 89,412 9,079 1 : 9.8

2. Cawnpore City .. 1,31,599 22,515 1 : 5.8

3. Agra City .. 47,505 10,105 1 : 4.7

4. Allahabad City .. 55,379 6,854 1 : 8.07 General Rural

5. Charanpur District, South-East.

47,773 7,256 1 : 6.5

6. Bulandshah District, South-East.

49,699 7,506 1 : 6.6

7. Agra District, NorthEast.

61,515 8,290 1 : 7.4

8. Manipuri District NorthEast. 51,406 5,878 1 : 8.7

IV. UNITED PROVINCES—Contd.

Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34

9. Budaun District, East 46,966 7,087 1 : 6.6

10. Jalaun District .

.

68,815 14,611 1 : 4.7

11. Mirzapur District, North. 43,648 4,045 1 : 10.7

12. Gorakhpur District, North. 43,441 5,626 1 : 7.7

13. Basti District, South 37,084 4,194 1 : 8.8

14. Azamgarh District, West. 51,194 8,127 1 : 6.2

15. Almora District .

.

1,39,217 20,671 1 : 6.7

16. Rai Bareilli District, North-East.

48,697 10,488 1 : 4.6

17. Sitapur District, NorthEast.

76,682 22,913 1 : 3.3

18. Fyzabad District, East. 57,154 9,988 1 : 5.7

19. Gonda District, NorthEast.

64,225 8,274 1 : 7.7

20. Bara Banki District, North.

68,285 16,303 1 : 4.18 V. CENTRAL PROVINCES Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34 General Urban

1. Nagpur City .. 72,329 14,388 1 : 5.02 General Rural

2. Nagpur-Umrer .. 29,267 6,037 1 : 4.8

3. Hinghanghat-Wardha 35,201 4,011 1 : 9.02

4. Chanda-Brahmapuri 30,132 5,229 1 : 5.7

5. Chindwara-Sausar 37,942 3,914 1 : 9.7

6. Jubulpure-Patan .. 20,587 1,186 1 : 17.5

7. Saugor-Khurai .. 30,660 5,224 1 : 5.8

8. Damoh-Hatta .. 33,284 3,608 1 : 9.2

9. NarsinghpurGadarwara.

35,781 2,019 1 : 17.6

10. Raipur .. 33,053 11,041 1 : 2.9

V. CENTRAL PROVINCES— contd.

Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34

11. Baloda Bazar .. 46,943 15,636 1 : 3.06

12. Bilaspur . . 33,260 10,547 1 : 3.1

13. Mungeli . . 28,028 10,067 1 : 2.7

14. Janjgir . . 42,763 13,558 1 : 3.15

15. Drug . . 34,883 8,942 1 : 3.19

16. Bhandara-Sakoli . . 47,047 10,399 1 : 4.5

17. Ellichpur-DartapurNelghat 30,094 2,885 1 : 13.8

18. Akola-Belapur . . 25,912 3,233 1 : 9.81

19. Yeotmal-Darwha . . 20,327 2,020 1 : 10.06

20. Chikhli-Mehkar . . 37,936 3,468 1 : 1.09 VI. BIHAR Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34

1. East Bihar .. 35,631 4,618 1 : 7.7

2. South Gaya .. 49,363 10,360 1 : 4.7

3. Nawada .. 41,432 7,684 1 : 5.3

4. East Central Shahabad. .. 41,707 5,984 1 : 6.9

5. West Gopalganj .. 33,395 3,415 1 : 9.7

6. North Bettiah .. 25,760 2,831 1 : 9.09

7. East Muzaffarpur-Sadr. 27,271 3,133 1 : 8.7

8. Darbhanga Sadr .. 26,864 2,116 1 : 12.6

9. South-East Samastipur 37,291 2,672 1 : 13.9

10. South Sadr-Monghyr 54,229 6,465 1 : 8.5

11. Madhipura .. 26,523 1,284 1 : 20.6

12. South-West Purnea 44,232 2,938 1 : 15.05

13. Giridih-cum-Ghatra 55,246 4,667 1 : 11.8

14. North-East Palamnu 23,072 4,237 1 : 5.3

15. Central Manbhum 39,626 5,617 1 : 7.05

VII. ASSAM

Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34

1. Nowgong, NorthEast 26,618 3,569 1 : 7.2

2. Kamrup Sadr, South 33,234 2,117 1 : 15.6

3. Silchar .. 38,647 4,201 1 : 9.2

4. Karimganj, East .. 25,701 10,132 1 : 2.5

5. Jorhat, North .. 26,733 1,360 1 : 19.6

6. Jonamganj .. 39,045 11,603 1 : 3.3

7. Habibganj, North 31,511 9,996 1 : 3.1 VIII. PUNJAB Constituency Total number of voters in the Constituency Total number of Scheduled Caste voters in the Constituency Relative proportion of columns 2 and 3 1 2 34

1. South-East Gurgaon 37,815 6,049 1 : 6.2

2. Karnal, North 31,967 5,120 1 : 6.2

3. Ambala and Simla 47,403 17,507 1 : 3.27

4. Hoshiarpur, West 51,084 7,281 1 : 7.0

5. Jullundur 36,570 20,521 1 : 1.8

6. Ludhiana and Ferozepur 52,009 27,354 1 : 1.8

7. Amritsar and Sialkot 38,046 10,328 1 : 3.68

8. Lyallpur and Jhang 32,703 7,602 1 : 4.2

Fourth Series COMPARISON OF PRIMARY ELECTION AND FINAL ELECTION I. MADRAS Constituency Scheduled Caste candidate who was successful in Final election His rank among candidates who fought the general election His position in the Primary election treating the Constituency as a single member Constituency Votes obtained in the Primary election What his success in Primary election due to bare or absolute majority or split vote His name His party affiliation Number of votes secured 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. Amalapuram .. Pandu Lakshmanaswami.

Congress 48,524 1st among 3 3rd (failed) 2,683 ....

2. Cocanada .. B. S. Murthy Congress 28,544 2nd among 4 (beating 2 Hindus)

4th (failed) 1,411 ....

3. Bandar .. Vemula Kurmayya Congress 70,931 1st among 6 (beating 4 Hindus)

2nd (failed) 4,914 ....

4. Cuddapah .. Swarna Nagayya Congress .... .... 1st 3,482 Absolute majority.

5. Penukonda .. D. Kadrippa Congress 18,125 1st among 4 (beating 1 Hindu and 2 Sch. Caste)

1st 2,564 Bare majority.

6. Tiruvannamali R. Thangavelu Congress 32,132 1st among 5 (beating 2 Hindus and 2 Sch. Caste)

1st 1,960 Bare majority.

7. Tindivanam .. K. Kulashekhardas Congress 25,442 2nd among 4 (beating 2 Hindus)

1st 2,785 Split vote.

8. Mannargudi Thiagoo Voikarar Congress 30,116 1st among 5 (beating 5 Hindus)

1st 2,895 Split vote.

9. Pollachi .. C. Krishna Kudumban Congress .... .... 1st 2,430 Absolute majority.

10. Namakkal .. M. P. Periyaswami Congress 15,085 2nd among 5 (beating 2 Hindus and 1 Sch. Caste)

1st 2,355 Bare majority.

II. BOMBAY

Constituency Scheduled Caste candidate who was successful in Final election His rank among candidates who fought the general election His position in the Primary election treating the Constituency as a single member Constituency Votes obtained in the Primary election Was his success in Primary election due to bare or absolute majority or split vote His name His party affiliation Number of votes secured 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. Bombay City, North.

Savlaram Gundaji Songaoker.

Congress 59,646 1st among 3 (standing above 2 Hindus)

2nd (failed) 2,038 ....

2. Bombay City, Byculla and Parel.

N. S. Kajrolkar Congress 43,251 1st among 3 (standing above 2 general candidates)

2nd (failed) 2,098 ....

3. East Khandesh, East.

Hiralal Kalyani Congress 36,136 2nd among 4 (beating 2)

2nd (failed) 1,147 ....

III. CENTRAL PROVINCES

Constituency Scheduled Caste candidate who was successful in Final election His rank among candidates who fought the general election His position in the Primary election treating the Constituency as a single member Constituency Votes obtained in the Primary election Was his success in Primary election due to bare or absolute majority or split vote His name His party affiliation Number of votes secured 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. Nagpur-Umrer L e l e n d r a R a m chandra. Congress 7,847 2nd 3rd (failed) 112 ....

2. HinghanghatWardha.

Shanker Vithal Congress 10,781 2nd 4th (failed) 56 ....

3. Bhandra-Sakoli Harnuji Isram Congress 10,491 2nd 3rd (failed) 471 ....

4. Yeotmal-Darwha Daulat-Luxman Congress 4,719 2nd 3rd (failed) 126 ....

IV. UNITED PROVINCES

Constituency Scheduled Caste candidate who was successful in Final election His rank among candidates who fought the general election His position in the Primary election treating the Constituency as a single member Constituency Votes obtained in the Primary election Was his success in Primary election due to hare or absolute majority or split vote His name His party affiliation Number of votes secured 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. Agra City .. Ram Chand Congress 16,343 2nd 1st 836 Bare majority and split vote.

2. Allahabad City Masuria Din Congress 10,308 2nd 1st 1,701 Bare majority and split vote.

3. Almora .. Khushi Ram Congress 20,605 2nd 2nd (failed) 937 .... V. PUNJAB Constituency Scheduled Caste candidate who was successful in Final election His rank among candidates who fought the general election His position in the Primary election treating the Constituency as a single member Constituency Votes obtained in the Primary election Was his success in Primary election due to bare or absolute majority or split voteHis name His party affiliation Number of votes secured 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. South-East Gurgaon.

Prem Singh Unionist 7,706 2nd 1st 1,353 Split vote

2. Karnal, North Sunder Congress 3,136 2nd 1st 519 Bare majority

3. Ambala-Simla .. Prithivi Singh Azad Congress 10,503 2nd 3rd (failed) 1,392 . . . .

4. Hoshiarpur, West Mehr Chand Congress 16,307 2nd 3rd (failed) 641 . . . .

5. Jullundur .. Gurbanta Singh Congress 21,476 1st 1st . . . . . . . .

6. Ludhiana- Ferozepur.

Matu Ram Congress 24,352 1st 4th (failed) 812 . . . .

7. Lyallpur and Jhang Harbhaj Ram . . . . 8,312 2nd 2nd (failed) 1,166 . . . .

Appendix IV STATISTICS OF POPULATION The population of the Scheduled Caste in 1941 is estimated at 48,793,180. Can this figure be accepted as accurate ?

In coming to a definite conclusion on this issue the following points must be borne in mind : — (i) The population of the Scheduled Castes in 1941 as compared with their population in 1931 shows a decline.

(ii) The population of all other communities during the same period shows an increase of 15 per cent.

The question is whether there is any special reason why the population of the Scheduled Castes should have declined.

Was the basis for computation of the population of the Scheduled Castes in 1931 the same as in 1941 ? The answer is in the affirmative. The figures given for 1931 are the result of recasting of the Census of 1931 in the light of the definition of “Untouchables” given by the Lothian Committee. The same basis was adopted in 1941. It cannot therefore be said that the decline in the population of the Scheduled Castes in 1941 was due to an over-estimate made in 1931.

It is true that the Census for 1941 does not give any figures for the Scheduled Castes for Ajmer-Merwara and Gwalior State. But even adding to the total for 1941 the figures for these two areas as they stood in 1931 the population comes to only 49,538,145 which still shows a comparative decline. The want of any proper explanation for the decline of the Scheduled Caste population and an increase in the population of all other communities during the same decade only reinforces the impression which every honest student of Indian census has formed namely that the Census of India has over a number of decades ceased to be an operation in demography. It has become a political affair. Every community seems to be attempting to artificially augment its numbers at the cost of some other community for the sake of capturing greater and greater degree of political power in its own hands. The Scheduled Castes seem to have been made a common victim for the satisfaction of the combined greed of the other communities who through their propagandists or enumerators are able to control the operation and the results of the Census.

In the light of these circumstances it is fair to demand that an accurate figure for the population of the Scheduled Castes would be the Census figure as corrected by the inclusion of the population for Ajmer-Merwara and Gwalior State plus an increase of 15 per cent to give them the benefit of the general rise in the population.

Appendix IV POPULATION FIGURES Table 1 POPULATION OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF 1941 Hindus ScheduledCastes Muslims Sikhs IndianChristians Anglo-Indians Parsis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Provinces .. .. 150,890,146 39,920,807 79,398,503 4,165,097 3,245,706 1,13,936 1,01,968 Ajmer-Merwara .. .. 376,481 ? 89,899 867 3,895 1,005 . . . . Assam* .. .. 3,586,932 676,291 3,442,479 3,464 37,750 634 2 Baluchistan .. .. 39,521 5,102 438,930 11,918 2,633 263 75 Bengal .. .. 17,680,054 7,378,970 33,005,434 16,281 110,923 31,619 86,270 Bihar .. .. 22,173,890 4,340,379 4,716,314 13,213 24,693 5,963 547 Orissa .. .. 5,594,535 1,238,171 146,301 232 26,584 789 13 Bombay .. .. 14,700,242 1,855,148 1,920,368 6,044 338,812 14,034 43,467 Sind .. .. 1,038,292 191,634 3,208,325 31,011 13,232 2,731 1,936 Central Provinces and Berar .. 9.880,583 3,051,413 783,697 14,996 48,260 4,538 2,014 Coorg .. .. 105,013 25,740 14,730 Nil 3,309 80 12 Delhi .. .. 444,532 122,693 304,971 16,157 10,494 3,408 284 Madras .. .. 34,731,330 8,068,492 8,896,452 418 2,001,032 28,661 369 N.W.F.P. .. .. 180,321 ? 2,788,797 57,939 5,426 837 24 Punjab .. .. 6,301,737 1,248,635 16,217,242 3,757,401 486,038 5,891 4,327 United States .. 34,094,511 11,717,158 8,416,308 232,445 131,327 13 383 1,375 States and Agencies .. 55,227,180 8,892,373 12,659,593 1,526,350 2,794,959 26,468 12,922 INDIA .. .. 206,117,326 48,813,180 92,058,096 5,691,447 6,040,665 140,422 114,490

* Tribes 6,484,996.

TRIBES

Provinces .. .. 16,713,256 States and Agencies .. .. 8,728,233 INDIA .. .. 25,441,489 Table II VARIATION IN POPULATION BY COMMUNITIES, 1931-1941 Increase (+)

Decrease (–)

Provinces States and agencies Total India Provinces States and agencies Total India Total percentage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hindus .. 139,319,979 50,335,391 189,654,370 150,890,146 55,227,180 206,117,326 + 26,462,956 Scheduled Castes .. 38,409,009 11,131,761 49,540,770 39,920,807 8,892,373 48,793,180 – 747,590 Muslims .. 67,020,443 10,657,102 77,677,545 79,398,503 12,659,598 92,058,096 + 14,381,551 Sikhs .. 3,220,997 1,114,774 4,335,771 4,165,097 1,526,350 5,691,447 + 1,355,676 Christians .. 3,860,660 2,430,103 6,296,763 3,471,430 2,834,119 6,316,119 + 19,786 Parsis .. 96,549 13,203 109,752 101,968 12,922 114,890 + 5,138 „„

PART V ON ECONOMIC PROBLEMS