परिशिष्टे

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES

The Working Committee added :— “The Congress had proposed that minority rights should be amply protected by agreement with the elected representatives of the minorities concerned.”

This shows that even the Congress did not demand that the decision of minority rights should be included in the purview of the Constituent Assembly. His Majesty’s Government has, however, given them the additional right to decide this minority rights issue by a bare majority vote. With regard to the question of Pakistan, the same attitude is noticeable. The Muslim League did not demand that Pakistan must be conceded immediately. All that the Muslim League had asked for was that at the next revision of the Constitution, the Mussalmans should not be prevented from raising the question of Pakistan. The present proposals have gone a step beyond and distinctly give to the Muslim League the right to create Pakistan. These are constitutional proposals. They are intended to lead India to wage a total war in which Hindus, Mussalmans, Depressed Classes and Sikhs are called upon wholeheartedly to participate. Yet Sir Stafford Cripps, either with the consent or without the consent of His Majesty’s Government, has been making discrimination between major parties and minor parties. The major parties are those whose consent is necessary. Minor parties are those with whom consultation is believed to be enough. This is new distinction. Certainly it was never made in the prior pronouncements either of His Majesty’s Government or of the Viceroy. The pronouncement spoke of the “consent of the principal elements in the national life of India.” So far as the Depressed Classes are concerned, I am not aware of any pronouncement in which the Depressed Classes were placed on a lower plane than the one given to the Mussalmans. I quote the following from the speech of the Viceroy made in Bombay on January 10, 1941, from which it will be seen that the Depressed Classes were bracketed with the Mussalmans :

“There are insistent claims of the minorities. I need refer only to two of them ; the great Muslim minority and the Scheduled Classes—there are the guarantees that have been given to the minorities in the past, the fact that their position must be safeguarded and that those guarantees must be honoured.” This invidious distinction now sought to be made is a breach of faith with those minorities whose position has been lowered by this discrimination. From a constitutional point of view of total war, it is bound to cause more disaffection and disloyalty in the country. It is for the British to consider whether in this attempt to win the friendship of those who have probably already decided to choose

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other friends, they should lose those who are their real friends. The proposals show a sudden volte face on the part of His Majesty’s Government. The putting forth of those proposals which were denounced by them as an invasion of minorities’ rights is an indication of their complete surrender of right to win might. This is Munich Mentality the essence of which is to save oneself by sacrificing others and it is this mentality which is writ large on those proposals. My advice to the British Government is that they should withdraw these proposals. If they cannot fight for right and justice and their plighted word they should better make peace. They can thereby at least save their honour.

APPENDIX X CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN LORD WAVELL AND MR. GANDHI, 1944

1. Letter from Mr. Gandhi to Viceroy on July 15th, 1944. “DEAR FRIEND, You have no doubt seen the authentic copies, now published in the Indian Press, of the statements given by me to Mr. Gelder of the News Chronicle. As I have said to the Press, they were meant primarily to be shown to you. But Mr. Gelder, no doubt with the best of motives, gave the interview premature publicity. I am sorry. The publication will nevertheless be a blessing in disguise, if the interview enables you to grant at least one of my requests contained in my letter of June 17, 1944.

I am yours, etc., (Sd.) M. K. GANDHI.”

2. Viceroy’s reply to Mr. Gandhi, dated 22nd July 1944. “DEAR MR. GANDHI, Thank you for your letter of July 15. I have seen the statements you have made to Mr. Gelder, and your subsequent explanation of them. I do not think I can usefully comment at present, except to repeat what I have said in my last letter that if you will submit to me a definite and constructive policy, I shall be glad to consider it.

Yours sincerely, (Sd.) WAVELL.”

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES

3. Gandhi’s letter to the Viceroy, dated 27th July 1944. “DEAR FRIEND, I must admit my disappointment over your letter of 22nd instant. But I am used to work in the face of disappointment. Here is my concrete proposal.

I am prepared to advise the Working Committee to declare that in view of changed conditions, mass civil disobedience envisaged by the resolution of August 1942, cannot be offered and that full cooperation in the war effort should be given by the Congress, if a declaration of immediate Indian independence is made and a National Government responsible to the Central Assembly be formed subject to the proviso that, during the pendency of the war, the military operations should continue as at present but without involving any financial burden on India. If there is a desire on the part of the British Government for a settlement, friendly talks should take the place of correspondence. But I am in your hands. I shall continue to knock so long as there is the least hope of an honourable settlement. After the foregoing was written, I saw Lord Munster’s speech in the House of Lords. The summary given by him in the House of Lords fairly represents my proposal. This summary may serve as a basis for mutual friendly discussion.

I am, Yours sincerely, (Sd.) M. K. GANDHI.”

4. Viceroy’s reply to Mr. Gandhi, dated 15th August 1944. “DEAR MB, GANDHI, Thank you for your letter of July 27. Your proposals are :— (i) that you should undertake to advise the Working Committee : (a) “that in view of changed conditions mass civil disobedience envisaged by the resolution of August 1942, cannot be offered” and ( b) “that full co-operation in the war effort should be given by the Congress provided (ii) that His Majesty’s Government (a ) declare immediate Indian independence, and (b) form a “National Government” responsible to the Central Assembly “subject to the proviso that during the pendency of the war the military operations should continue as at present but without involving any financial burden on India.”

His Majesty’s Government remain most anxious that a settlement of the Indian problem should be reached. But proposals such as those put forward by you are quite unacceptable to His Majesty’s

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Government as a basis for discussion and you must realise this if you have read Mr. Amery’s statement in the House of Commons on July 28th last. They are indeed very similar to the proposals made by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to Sir Stafford Cripps in April 1942 and His Majesty’s Government’s reasons for rejecting them are the same as they were then.

3. Without recapitulating all these reasons in detail, I should remind you that His Majesty’s Government at that time made it clear: (a) That their offer of unqualified freedom after the cessation of hostilities was made conditional upon the framing of a Constitution agreed by the main elements of India’s national life and the negotiation of the necessary treaty arrangements with His Majesty’s Government:

(b) That it is impossible during the period of hostilities to bring about any change in the Constitution by which means alone a “National Government” such as you suggest could be made responsible to the Central Assembly.

The object of these conditions was to ensure the fulfilment of their duty to safeguard the interests of the racial and religious minorities of the Depressed Classes and their treaty obligations to the Indian States.

4. It was upon the above conditions that His Majesty’s Government invited Indian leaders to take part in an interim Government which would operate under the existing Constitution. I must make it quite clear that until the war is over responsibility for defence and military operations cannot be divided from the other responsibilities of Government and that until hostilities cease and the new Constitution is in operation, His Majesty’s Government and the Governor-General must retain their responsibility over the entire field. So far as the question of India’s share of the cost of the war is concerned, this is essentially a matter for settlement between His Majesty’s Government on the one hand and the Government of India on the other, and existing financial arrangements can only be reopened at the instance of one or the other.

5. It is clear in these circumstances that no purpose will be served by discussion on the basis which you suggest. If however the leaders of the Hindus, the Muslims and the important minorities were willing to co-operate in a transitional Government established and working within the present constitution, I believe good progress might be made. For such a transitional Government to succeed, there must before it is formed, be agreement in principle between , Hindus and Muslims and all important elements as to the method by which the new Constitution should be framed. This agreement is a matter for Indians themselves.

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES

Until Indian leaders have come closer together than they are now, I doubt if I myself can do anything to help. Let me remind you too that minority problems are not easy. They are real and can be solved only by mutual compromise and tolerance.

6. The period after the termination of hostilities for which the transitional Government would last, would depend on the speed with which the new constitution could be framed. I see no reason why preliminary work on that Constitution should not begin as soon as the Indian leaders are prepared to co-operate to that end. If they can arrive at a genuine agreement as to the method of framing the Constitution, no unnecessary time need be spent after the war in reaching final conclusions and in agreeing treaty arrangements with His Majesty’s Government. There again the primary .responsibility rests on the Indian leaders. Yours sincerely, (Sd.) WAVELL.”

APPENDIX XI POLITICAL DEMANDS OF SCHEDULED CASTES

Resolutions passed by the Working Committee of the AllIndia Scheduled Castes Federation held in Madras on the 23rd September 1944 under the Presidentship of Rao Bahadur N. Shiva Raj, B.A., B.L., M.L.A., outlining the safeguards for the Untouchables in the new Constitution.

RESOLUTION NO. 1

SUBJECT :—Recognition of the Scheduled Castes as a separate element.

The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation has found a section of the Press in India making the allegation, that the statement made by H. E. the Viceroy in his letter Mr. Gandhi dated the 15th August 1944 to the effect that the Scheduled Castes are one of the important and separate elements in the national life of India and requiring that the consent of the Scheduled Castes to the Constitution of India was a necessary condition precedent for transfer of power to Indians, is a departure from the position of His Majesty’s Government as defined in the Cripps Proposals. The Committee cannot help expressing its indignation at this propaganda and takes this occasion to state in most emphatic and categorical terms that the Scheduled Castes are a distinct and separate element in the national life of India and

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that they are a religious minority in a sense far more real than the Sikhs and Muslims can be and within the meaning of the Cripps Proposals. The Working Committee desires to point out that what has been stated by Lord Wavell in his letter to Mr. Gandhi has been the position of His Majesty’s Government from the very beginning and was enunciated in clear terms as early as 1917 by the authors of the Montagu-Chelmsford Report simultaneously with the enunciation by them of Responsible Government as the goal of India’s political evolution and has been confirmed by subsequent action of His Majesty’s Government such as the grant of separate representation to the Scheduled Castes at the Round Table Conference, Joint Parliamentary Committee and in the Government of India Act, 1935, as a recognized minority, separate from the Hindus. The Working Committee has, therefore, no hesitation in saying that it is a false and malicious propaganda to allege that this is a departure from the policy of His Majesty’s Government and regards it as a manoeuvre on the part of the enemies of the Scheduled Castes to defeat their just claims for constitutional safeguards and calls upon Indian political leaders and particularly the Hindu leaders to accept this fact, in the interests of peace and good-will between the Hindus and the Scheduled Castes, and for the speedy realization of India’s political goal.

RESOLUTION NO. 2

SUBJECT :—Declaration by His Majesty’s Government relating to the Scheduled Castes and the Constitution.

The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation welcomes the declaration made by His Majesty’s Government and recently reiterated by His Excellency the Viceroy that His Majesty’s Government regards the consent of the Scheduled Castes, among others, to the Constitution of a free India, as a matter of vital importance and as a necessary condition precedent to the transfer of power to Indian hands. At the same time, the Working Committee wishes to draw the attention of His Majesty’s Government to the attitude of the Congress and other political organizations in the country which treats this declaration of His Majesty’s Government as not being a bona fide declaration and made without any intention to honour it and as a mere matter of tactics adopted to postpone transfer of power, and which is in all probability responsible for the unwillingness of the Majority Community to seek for a settlement with the Scheduled Castes. The Working Committee regards this allegation as baseless and calls upon His Majesty’s Government not to give any ground for such suspicion and make it clear that they will stand by the declaration at all times and under all circumstances.

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES RESOLUTION NO. 3

SUBJECT :—Nature of Constitutional Safeguards. The Working Committee declares that no Constitution shall be acceptable to the Scheduled Castes unless :— (a) it has the consent of the Scheduled Castes ; (b) it recognizes the Scheduled Castes as distinct and separate element;

(c) it contains within itself provisions for securing the following purposes :

(1) For earmarking a definite sum in the Budgets of the Provincial and Central Governments for the Secondary, University and Advanced Education of the Scheduled Castes.

(2) For reservation of Government lands for separate settlements of the Scheduled Castes through a Settlement Commission.

(3) For Representation of the Scheduled Castes according to their needs, numbers and importance :— (i) in the Legislatures, (ii) in the Executive, (iii) in Municipalities and Local Boards, (iv) in the Public Services, (v) on the Public Service Commissions.

(4) For the recognition of the above provisions as fundamental rights beyond the powers of the Legislature or the Executive to amend or alter or abrogate. (3) For the appointment of an Officer similar in status to that of the Auditor-General appointed under Section 166 of the Government of India Act of 1935 and removable from office in like manner and on the like grounds as a judge of the Federal Court to report on the working of the provisions relating to Fundamental Rights. RESOLUTION NO. 4 SUBJECT :—Communal Settlement.

The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Caste Federation, while it is most eager for a settlement of the Communal problem, wholly disapproves of the secret negotiations which are being carried

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on by Mr. Gandhi and Mr. Jinnah for a settlement between the Hindus and the Muslims. The Working Committee is of opinion that Communal settlement of a sectional character is harmful in every way. It is harmful because it ignores the vital interests of other communities. It is harmful because it creates a feeling of suspicion in other communities that dishonest deal is being made between two communities to defeat their interests. It is also harmful to the general interests of the country, inasmuch as the singling out of one special community from others for conferring special privileges, not necessary for its protection but demanded on the basis of prestige, creates differences in status which from the point of view of maintaining equal citizenship for all, are unjustifiable and must be deplored. The Working Committee is surprised that Mr. Gandhi who has time and again proclaimed himself as an opponent of secrecy in public life should have entered into secret diplomacy to bring about Hindu-Moslem Settlement. The Committee expresses its emphatic opinion that the proper procedure to settle the communal question, which would give a sense of security and ensure fair and equal treatment to all is to discuss the demands put forth by each interest in public and in the presence of and with the representatives of other interests. RESOLUTION NO. 5 SUBJECT :—Revision of the Constitution.

The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation is of opinion that the provisions in the existing Constitution relating to minority representation are not based on any intelligible principle. The Committee finds that as the system now stands, some minorities have not received even their population ratio of representation, while other minorities have been given weightage over and above their population ratio as a concession to their claims based on historical and military importance. The Working Committee regards the recognition of such claims to be harmful to the interests of other minorities and inconsistent with the ideal of social and political democracy, which is the goal of all Indians and that they should never be tolerated. In this connection, the Committee wishes to draw attention to the fact that the principle of giving weightage to specially selected minorities has been condemned by the authors of the Montagu-Chelmsford Report and also by the Simon Commission. The Committee demands that in view of the fact that the next Constitution of India will be for India as a Dominion, the provisions of the Constitution relating to minorities should be revised and should be brought in accord with the principle of equal treatment of all minorities.

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES RESOLUTION NO. 6

SUBJECT :—Representation in the Legislatures and in the Executive. The Working Committee of the All-India, Scheduled Castes Federation desires to state in categorical and emphatic terms that the Scheduled Castes will not tolerate any discrimination between one community and another in the matter of representation and will insist upon their claim for seats in the Provincial and Central Legislatures and in the Provincial and Central Executive being adjudged in the same manner and by the same principles that may be made applicable to the claims of the Muslim Community. RESOLUTION NO. 7 SUBJECT:—Electorates.

The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation is of opinion that the experience of the last elections held under the Government of India Act has proved that the system of joint electorates has deprived the Scheduled Castes of the right to send true and effective representatives to the Legislatures and has given the Hindu Majority the virtual right to nominate members of the Scheduled Castes who are prepared to be the tools of the Hindu Majority. The Working Committee of the Federation therefore demands that the system of joint electorates and reserved seats should be abolished and the system of separate electorates be introduced in place thereof.

RESOLUTION NO. 8

SUBJECT :—Framework of Executive Government.

The working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation takes note of the fact that not only all wealth, property, trade and industry are in the hands of the Majority Community, but even the whole administration of the State is controlled by the Majority Community whose members have monopolized all posts in the State services both superior and inferior. The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation regards this as the most dangerous situation which cannot but cause great apprehension to the minority communities since the combination of these circumstances gives the majority the fullest power to establish its stranglehold upon the minorities. This fear of a stranglehold is greatly augmented by the Constitutional provisions relating to the Executive contained in the Government of India Act of 1935 which permits the majority in the Legislature to form a Government without reference to the wishes of the minorities,

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The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation feels that while, in the absence of an alternative system, the Parliamentary system of Government may have to be accepted, the Committee is definitely opposed to the system of Parliamentary cabinet inasmuch as it automatically vests the Executive authority in the Majority Community and thereby strengthens the hold of the Majority Community which has entered into the steel frame of the administration and thus has become a source of great danger to the Minorities. The Working Committee has, therefore, come to the conclusion that the system of Parliamentary Cabinet is not suited to Indian conditions and that a different system under which Executive Government would be formed in consultation with the wishes of the Minorities must be designed to give them a better sense of security. The Working Committee insists that the Executive in the Provinces as well as in the Centre should be constituted in the following manner:— (i) The Executive should consist of a Prime Minister and other ministers drawn from general community and from minority communities in a proportion to be specified in the Constitution. (ii) The Prime Minister and Ministers drawn from the general community shall be elected to the Executive by the whole house by single transferable vote.

(iii) The Ministers representing the minority communities shall be chosen by the members representing the different communities by single transferable vote.

(iv) The Members of the Executive shall be members of the Legislature, shall answer questions, vote and take part in debates.

(v) Any vacancy in the Executive shall be filled in accordance with rules governing the original appointments.

(vi) The period for Which the Executive shall hold office shall be co-terminus with the life of the Legislature.

RESOLUTION NO. 9

SUBJECT :—Public Services.

While it is desirable to plan for a Government which will be a Government of Laws and not of men, it cannot be forgotten that no matter how Government is organized, it must remain a Government of men. That being so, whether Government is good or bad—as distinguished from a merely efficient Government—and how far the administration of public affairs will be non-political and impartial must depend upon the spirit and outlook and sense of justice of the

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES

men who are appointed to administer the Law. The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation is convinced that the Scheduled Castes can never get protection, justice or sympathy from the present administration which is controlled by men full of caste consciousness, narrow-mindedness, absence of sense of justice and having a hatred and contempt for the Scheduled Castes. The Working Committee, therefore, demands that the Constitution must recognize the right of the Scheduled Castes to reservation in the Public Services in the same proportion as may be applied to the claims of the Muslim Community.

RESOLUTION NO. 10

SUBJECT :—Provision for Education.

The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation feels that unless persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes are able to occupy posts which carry executive authority, the Scheduled Castes must continue to suffer, as they have been doing in the past all the injustices and indignities from the hands of the Government and the Public. The Working Committee, therefore, regards the spread of higher and advanced education among the Scheduled Castes as of vital importance to them. But, it cannot be denied that such advanced education is beyond the means of the Scheduled Castes. The Committee regards it as essential that a definite liability in this behalf should be imposed on the State to provide funds for that purpose and demands that the Constitution should impose an obligation upon the Provincial Governments and the Central Government to set apart adequate sums, as may be specified by the Constitution, exclusively for advanced education of the Scheduled Castes in their annual budgets and to accept such provisions as a first charge on their revenues. RESOLUTION NO. 11 SUBJECT :—Separate Settlements.

The Working Committee of the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation holds:— (a) that so long as the Scheduled Castes continue to live on the outskirts of the Hindu village, as an alien people, with no source of livelihood and in small numbers as compared to Hindus, they will continue to remain Untouchables and subject to the tyranny and oppression of the Hindus and will not be able to enjoy free and full life, and

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(b) that for the better protection of the Scheduled Castes from the tyranny and oppression of the Caste Hindus, which may take a worse form under Swaraj, and to enable the Scheduled Castes to develop to their fullest manhood, to give them economic and social security as also to pave the way for the removal of untouchability, the Working Committee demands that the Constitution should provide— (1) For the transplantation of the Scheduled Castes from their present habitations and form separate Scheduled Caste villages away from and independent of Hindu villages;

(2) For the settlement of the Scheduled Castes in new villages a provision shall be made by the Constitution for the establishment of a Settlement Commission ; (3) All Government land which is cultivable and which is not occupied and land which may be reclaimed shall be handed over to the Commission to be held in trust for the purpose of making new settlements of the Scheduled Castes.

(4) The Commission shall be empowered to purchase new land under the Land Acquisition Act from private owners to complete the scheme of settlements of the Scheduled Castes.

(5) The Constitution shall provide that the Central Government shall grant to the Settlement Commission a minimum sum of rupees five crores per annum to enable it to carry out their duty in this behalf. RESOLUTION NO. 12 “The Working Committee of the A.I.S.C. Federation unanimously resolves that it places its complete confidence in Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and authorises him to negotiate on its behalf and oil behalf of Scheduled Castes with other political parties or their leaders as and when necessity arises.”

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES APPENDIX XII

Communed Distribution of Population by Minorities in the Provinces of British India. Province Total Population Muslims Scheduled Castes Indian Christians Sikhs Population Per- cent- age Population Per- cent- age Population Per- cent- age Population Per- cent- age Ajmere-Merwara … … 583,693 89,899 15.4 Nil(?) — 3,895 .8 867 .15 Andaman Nicobar … … 33,768 8,005 23.7 Nil — 779 2.3 744 2.2 Assam … … … … 10,204,733 3,442,479 33.7 676,291 6.6 37,750 .4 3,464 .03 British Baluchistan … … 501,631 438,930 87.5 5,102 1.0 2,633 .5 11,918 2.3 Bengal … … … … 60,306,525 33,005,434 54.7 7,878,970 13.0 110,923 .2 16,281 .03 Bihar* … … … … 36,340,151 4,716,314 12.9 4,840,379 13.3 24,693 07 13,213 .04 Bombay … … … 20,849,840 1,920,368 9.2 1,855,148 8.9 338,812 1.6 8,011 .04 Central Province & Ber r† … 16,813,584 783,697 4.7 3,051,413 18.1 48,260 .3 14,996 .09 Coorg … … … … 168,726 14,780 8.8 25,740 15.3 3,309 2.0 Nil — Delhi … … … … 917,939 304,971 33.2 121,693 13.3 10,494 1.1 16,154 1.8 Madras … … … … 49,341,810 3,896,452 7.9 8,068,492 16.4 2,001,082 4.06 418 .001 N.W.F.P … … … 3,038,067 2,788,797 91.8 Nil — 5,426 .2 57,989 1.9 Orissa … … … … 8,728,544 146,301 1.7 1,238,171 14.2 26,584 .3 232 .003 Punjab … … … 28,418,819 16,217,242 57.0 1,248,635 4.4 486,038 1.7 3,757,401 13.2 Pant Piploda … … … 5,267 251 4.8 918 17.4 216 4.1 Nil — Sind … … … … 4,229,221 3,054,635 72.2 191,634 4-5 13,232 .3 31,011 .7 United Provinces ‡ … … … … 55,020,617 8,416,308 15.3 11,717,158 21.3 131,327 .2 232,445 .4 Total … … 295,502,935 79,344,863 26.9 40,919,744 13.9 3,245,453 1 4,155,147 1

*Bihar … … … … 28,823,802 4,168,470 14.4 3,919,619 13.6 12,651 .04 3,204 .01 Chota Nagpur … … 7,516,349 547,844 7.3 420,760 5.6 12,042 .2 10,009 .1 ‡C.P … … … … 13,208,718 448,528 3.4 2,359,836 17.9 42,135 .3 12,766 .1 Berar … … … … 3,604,866 335,169 9.3 691,577 19.2 6,125 .2 2,230 .05 Agra … … … … 40,906,147 6,231,062 15.2 8,018,803 19.6 120,549 .3 226,096 .5 Oudh … … … … 14,114,470 2,185,246 15.5 3,698,355 26.2 10,778 .08 6,349 .05

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Communal Distribution of Population by Minorities in Indian States States and Agencies Total Population Muslims Scheduled Castes Indian Christians Sikhs Population Per- cent- age Population Per- cent- age Population Per- cent- age Population Per- cent- age Assam ... ... ... ... 725,655 31,662 4.4 265 .04 25,913 3.6 381 .05 Baluchistan ... ... ... 356,204 346,251 97.2 65 .02 40 .01 126 .04 Baroda ... ... ... ... 2,855,010 223,610 7.8 230,794 8.1 9,182 .3 566 .02 Bengal ... ... ... ... 2,144,829 372,113 17.3 269,729 12.6 564 .03 28 .001 Central India ... ... ... 7,506,427 439,850 5.9 1,027,009 13.7 7,582 .1 2,731 .04 Chattisgarh ... ... ... 4,050,000 28.773 0.7 483,132 11.9 11,820 .3 507 .01 Cochin ... ... ... ... 1,422,875 109,188 7.7 141,154 9.9 399,394 28.1 9 — Deccan (and Kolhapur) ... 2,785,428 182,036 6.5 306,898 11.0 17,236 .6 22 .001 Gujarat ... ... ... 1,458,702 58,000 3.9 55,204 3.8 4,215 .3 182 .01 Gwalior ... ... ... 4,006,159 240,903 6.0 — — 1,352 .03 2,342 .06 Hyderabad ... ... ... 16,338,534 2,097,475 12.8 2,928,048 17.9 215,989 1.3 5,330 .03 Kashmere and Feudatories ... 4,021,616 3,073.540 76.4 113,464 2.8 3,079 .08 65,903 1.6 Madras ... ... ... 498,754 30,263 6.0 83,734 16.8 20,806 4.2 5 — Mysore ... ... ... 7,329,140 485,230 6.6 1,405,067 19.2 98,580 1.3 269 .004 N.W.F.P ... ... ... 46,267 22,068 47.7 Nil — 571 1.2 4,472 9.1 Orissa ... ... ... ... 3,023,731 14,355 0.47 352,088 11.6 2,249 .07 151 .005 Punjab ... ... ... 5,503,554 2,251,459 40.9 349,962 6.4 6,952 .1 1,342,685 24.4 Punjab Hill ... ... ... 1,090,644 46,678 4.3 238,774 21.9 188 .02 17,739 1.6 Rajputana ... ... ... 13,670,208 1,297,841 9.5 — — 4,349 .03 81,896 .6 Sikkim ... ... ... 121,520 83 0.07 76 .06 34 .03 1 — Travancore ... ... ... ... 6,070,018 434,150 7.2 395,952 6.5 1,958,491 32.3 31 — U. P. ... ... ... … 928,470 273,625 29.5 152,927 16.5 1,281 .1 731 .08 Western India ... ... ... 4,904,156 600,440 12.2 358,038 7.3 3,105 0.6 239 .005 Total ... ... 90,857,901 12,659,593 13.9 8,892,380 9.7 2,792,972 3.1 1,526,346 1.7

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES APPENDIX XIV

Particulars of Scheduled Castes Constituencies in regard to seats and voting strength Province by Province :— Appendix XIV : (1) Madras ” ” (2) Bombay ” ” (3) Bengal ” ” (4) U. P.

” ” (5) Punjab ” ” (6) Bihar ” ” (7) C. P. & Berar.

” ” (8) Assam ” ” (9) Orissa

WHAT CONGRESS AND GANDHI HAVE DONE TO THE UNTOUCHABLES : APPENDIX XIV APPENDIX XIV (1) MADRAS

Name of Constituency Total Number of Seats in the Constituency Total Number of Candidates Total Number of Voters in the Constituency For General For Scheduled Castes For General Seat For Scheduled Caste Seat General Scheduled Castes Percentage of Scheduled Caste Voters to General (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Madras City, South Central … … … 1 1 4 1 13,318 2,909 22 Chicacole … … … … … … 1 1 4 4 54,012 7,461 14 Amalapuram … … … … … 1 1 2 3 46,163 23,110 50 Cocanada … … … … … … 1 1 3 1 50,384 12,066 24 Ellore … … … … … … 1 1 3 3 45,452 11,463 25 Bandar … … … … … … 1 1 2 3 77,627 13,314 17 Ongole … … … … … … 1 1 2 2 67,851 10,885 16 Gudur … … … … … … 1 1 2 4 35,094 7,436 21 Cuddapah … … … … … … 1 1 2 3 74,497 10,630 14 Penukonda … … … … … 1 1 2 2 54,864 11,396 21 Bellary … … … … … … 1 1 3 2 63,092 9,232 15 Kurnool … … … … … … 1 1 2 4 53,687 13,433 25 Tiruttani … … … … … … 1 1 2 2 52,875 6,350 12 Chingleput … … … … … … 1 1 2 2 46,237 19,366 42 Tiruvallur … … … … … … 1 1 2 3 57,029 21,033 37 Ranipet … … … … … … 1 1 3 4 53,632 10,370 19 Tiruvannamalai … … … … … 1 1 3 4 67,861 16,705 25 Tindivanam … … … … … 1 1 3 4 63,485 19,500 31 Chidambaram … … … … … 1 1 3 1 68,713 19,947 29 Tirukkoyilur … … … … … 1 1 2 2 75,874 22,986 30 Tanjore … … … … … … 1 1 1 1 78,874 14,718 19 Mannargudi … … … … … 1 1 3 4 45,283 11,767 26 Ariyalur … … … … … … 1 1 2 3 85,125 16,076 19 Palni … … … … … … 1 1 1 2 60,453 11,400 19 Sattur … … … … … … 1 1 2 2 58,648 6,843 12 Koilpatti … … … … … … 1 1 2 3 59,101 12,526 21 Pollachi … … … … … … 1 1 2 4 39,239 12,919 32 Namakal … … … … … … 1 1 2 2 43,437 14,561 34 Coondapur … … … … … … 1 1 2 3 35,679 8,843 25 Malappuram … … … … … 1 1 2 3 47,299 10,355 22

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES APPENDIX XIV (2) BOMBAY

Name of Constituency Total Number of Seats in the Constituency Total Number of Candidates Total Number of Voters in the Constituency For General For Scheduled Castes For General Seat For Scheduled Caste Seat General Scheduled Castes Percentage of Scheduled Caste Voters to General (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Bombay City North and Bombay Suburban District ... ... … … … … 2 1 6 4 61,831 9,880 16 Bombay City (Byculla and Parel) … … 2 1 4 3 71,100 10,486 15 Kaira District … … … … … 3 1 4 1 92,388 6,231 7 Surat District … … … … … 3 1 6 4 51,711 3,929 8 Thana, South … … … … … 2 1 3 3 42,003 2,263 5 Ahmednagar South … … … … 2 1 4 3 36,065 4,814 13 East Khandesh, East … … … … 3 1 7 4 56,733 4,842 9 Nasik, West … … … … … 3 1 7 2 44,517 8,881 20 Poona, West … … … … … 2 1 4 2 43,147 7,206 17 Satara, North … … … … … 3 1 5 4 57,839 6,692 12 Sholapur, North East … … … … 2 1 6 4 36,210 6,741 19 Belgaum, North … … … … … 3 1 6 4 49,507 12,493 25 Bijapur, North … … … … … 2 1 4 4 42,301 7,525 18 Kolaba District … … … … … 3 1 7 3 59,490 4,804 8 Ratnagiri, North … … … … … 3 1 8 3 21,908 3,961 18

WHAT CONGRESS AND GANDHI HAVE DONE TO THE UNTOUCHABLES : APPENDIX XIV APPENDIX XIV (3) BENGAL

Name of Constituency Total Number of Seats in the Constituency Total Number of Candidates Total Number of Voters in the Constituency For General For Scheduled Castes For General Seat For Scheduled Caste Seat General Scheduled Castes Percentage of Scheduled Caste Voters to General (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Burdwan, Central … … … … 1 1 2 3 35,294 14,450 41 Burzdwan, North West … … … … 1 1 2 3 41,817 8,693 21 Birbhum … … … … … … 1 1 3 3 52,569 18,506 35 Bankura, West … … … … … 1 1 1 4 44,115 19,272 44 Midnapur, Central … … … … 1 1 2 2 75,903 19,664 26 Jhargram-cum-Ghatal … … … … 1 1 2 4 40,596 9,917 24 Hooghly, North East … … … … 1 1 3 3 35,500 12,254 35 Howrah … … … … … … 1 1 2 3 68,526 22,470 33 24-Parganas, South East … … … 1 1 3 3 29,342, 37,556 128 24-Parganas, North West … … … 1 1 2 4 42,214 24,404 58 Nadia … … … … … … 1 1 2 4 53,247 20,957 39 Murshidabad … … … … … 1 1 2 3 46,122 11,692 25 Jessore … … … … … … 1 1 4 2 50,966 43,425 85 Khulna … … … … … … 1 2 3 6 41,639 54,530 131 Malda … … … … … … 1 1 2 4 30,916 22,728 74 Dinajpur … … … … … … 1 2 1 2 25,985 89,880 346 Jalpaiguri-cum-Siliguri … … … … 1 2 3 8 9,074 54,657 602 Rangpur … … … … … … 1 2 2 5 21,497 68,759 320 Bogra-cum-Pabna … … … … 1 1 3 4 41,539 31,459 76 Dacca, East … … … … … … 1 1 2 4 38,810 36,749 95 Mymensingh, West … … … … 1 1 2 4 47,974 30,036 63 Mymensingh, East … … … … 1 1 2 4 42,237 29,745 70 Faridpur … … … … … … 1 2 2 8 63,532 73,946 116 Bakarganj, South West … … … 1 1 1 4 23,477 37,895 161 Tippera … … … … … 1 1 3 4 65,898 27,475 41

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES

APPENDIX XIV (4) U. P.

Name of Constituency Total Number of Seats in the Constituency Total Number of Candidates Total Number of Voters in the Constituency For General For Scheduled Castes For General Seat For Scheduled Caste Seat General Scheduled Castes Percentage of Scheduled Caste Voters to General (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Lucknow City ... … … … … 1 1 3 4 29,133 6,821 23 Cawnpore City … … … … … 1 1 2 4 49,485 14,462 29 Agra City … … … … … … 1 1 2 4 27,805 6,103 22 Allahabad City … … … … … 1 1 1 4 27,313 6,503 24 Saharanpur District … … … … 1 1 2 2 27,053 3,720 14 Bulandshahr District … … … … 1 1 4 3 32,434 4,648 14 Agra District … … … … … 1 1 3 4 33,230 4,476 13 Mainpuri District … … … … 1 1 3 4 41,044 5,356 13 Budaun District … … … … … 1 1 4 4 32,763 7,558 23 Jalaun District … … … … … 1 1 2 4 40,862 10,356 25 Mirzapur District … … … … 1 1 2 1 26,803 2,969 11 Gorakhpur District … … … … 1 1 2 4 25,113 3,697 15 Basti District … … … … … 1 1 2 1 27,193 4,143 15 Azamgarh District … … … … 1 1 3 2 36,541 7,231 20 Almora District … … … … … 1 1 3 1 93,380 17,809 19 Rae Bareili District … … … … 1 1 2 1 38,320 10,829 28 Sitapur District … … … … … 1 1 3 3 45,130 18,868 42 Fyzabad District … … … … … 1 1 4 2 48,337 10,035 22 Gonda District … … … … … 1 1 2 1 47,666 7,428 16 Barabanki District … … … … 1 1 2 4 41,957 14,649 35

WHAT CONGRESS AND GANDHI HAVE DONE TO THE UNTOUCHABLES : APPENDIX XIV APPENDIX XIV (5) PUNJAB

Name of Constituency Total Number of Seats in the Constituency Total Number of Candidates Total Number of Voters in the Constituency For General For Scheduled Castes For General Seat For Scheduled Caste Seat General Scheduled Castes Percentage of Scheduled Caste Voters to General (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

South East Gurgaon … … … … 1 1 4 1 27,177 2,842 10 Karnal, North … … … … … 1 1 4 3 23,224 2,698 12 Ambala and Simla … … … … 1 1 5 3 26,918 7,611 28 Hoshiarpur, West … … … … 1 1 2 4 27,589 11,701 42 Jullundur … … … … … 1 1 2 4 12,967 14,744 114 Ludhiana and Ferozepur … … … … 1 1 4 4 20,334 12,299 60 Amritsar and Sialkot … … … … 1 1 2 1 21,610 5,374 25 Lyallpur and Jhang … … … … 1 1 2 3 13,909 3,805 27

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES APPENDIX XIV (6) BIHAR

Name of Constituency Total Number of Seats in the Constituency Total Number of Candidates Total Number of Voters in the Constituency For General For Scheduled Castes For General Seat For Scheduled Caste Seat General Scheduled Castes Percentage of Scheduled Caste Voters to General (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

East Bihar … … … … … 1 1 2 2 23,966 3,944 16 South Gaya … … … … … 1 1 2 1 35,104 9,675 28 Nawada ... … … … … … 1 1 3 2 28,149 7,060 25 East Central Shahabad … … … … 1 1 4 1 34,138 6,491 19 West Gopalganj … … … … … 1 1 3 1 25,419 3,361 13 North Bettiah East … … … … … 1 1 2 1 22,596 2,985 13 Muzaffarpur Sadr … … … … 1 1 2 1 23,007 3,382 15 Darbhanga Sadr … … … … … 1 1 3 1 22,189 2,018 9 South East Samastipur … … … … 1 1 2 1 29,595 2,642 9 South Sadr Monghyr … … … … 1 1 3 1 38,772 5,739 15 Madhipura … … … … … 1 1 2 2 21,251 1,383 6 South West Purnea … … … … 1 1 2 2 33,071 2,440 7 Giridih-cum-Chatra … … … … 1 1 2 1 39,670 4,528 11 North East Palamau … … … … 1 1 2 2 13,853 4,174 30 Central Manbhum … … … … 1 1 2 2 22,930 5,075 22

WHAT CONGRESS AND GANDHI HAVE DONE TO THE UNTOUCHABLES : APPENDIX XIV APPENDIX XIV (7) C. P. & BEBAR

Name of Constituency Total Number of Seats in the Constituency Total Number of Candidates Total Number of Voters in the Constituency For General For Scheduled Castes For General Seat For Scheduled Caste Seat General Scheduled Castes Percentage of Scheduled Caste Voters to General (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Nagpur City … … … … … 1 1 2 4 34,816 8,574 24 Nagpur-Umrer … … … … … 1 1 3 4 20,795 5,451 26 Hinganghat-Wardha … … … … 1 1 3 4 25,275 3,088 12 Chanda-Brahmapuri … … … … 1 1 3 4 21,747 4,582 21 Chhindwara-Sausar … … … … 1 1 3 4 32,040 3,929 12 Jubbulpore Patan … … … … 1 1 3 4 23,667 1,519 6 Saugor-Khurai … … … … … 1 1 3 2 23,487 4,679 20 Damoh-Hatta … … … … … 1 1 3 2 29,069 3,461 12 Narsinghpur-Gadarwara … … … … 1 1 4 2 31,873 1,927 6 Raipur … … … … … 1 1 2 2 20,209 10,885 54 Baloda Bazar … … … … … 1 1 2 3 27,045 14,386 53 Bilaspur … … … … … 1 1 2 3 22,343 10,963 49 Mungeli … … … … … 1 1 2 3 17,412 10,032 58 Jangir … … … … … 1 1 2 3 28,303 13,641 48 Drug … … … … … 1 1 3 1 23,493 8,663 37 Bhandara-Sakoli … … … … … 1 1 2 4 68,889 8,591 13 Ellichpur-Daryapur-Melghat … … … 1 1 3 4 21,862 2,183 10 Akola-Balapur … … … … … 1 1 3 4 20,529 2,761 13 Yeotmal-Darwha … … … … 1 1 3 3 31,052 1,954 6 Chikhli-Mehkar … … … … … 1 1 5 3 28,971 2,792 10