प्रकरण 14 विराट पर्व आणि उद्योग पर्व यांवरील विश्लेषणात्मक टिपा

Analytical Notes of Virat Parva & Udyog Parva VIRAT PARVA

1. The spies sent by Kauravas to search for the existence of the Pandavas return to Duryodhan and tell him that they are unable to discover them. They ask his permission as to what to do.—Virat Parva, Adhya. 25.

2. Duryodhan asks for advice from his advisers. Karna said send other spies. Dushasan said they might have gone beyond the sea. But search for them.—Ibid. —Adhya. 26.

3. Drona said the Pandavas are not likely to be defeated or destroyed. They may be living as Tapasis, therefore send Siddhas and Brahamins as spies—Ibid. Adhya 27.

4. Bhishma supports Drona— Ibid Adhya. 28.

5. Kripacharya supported Bhishma and added—Pandavas are great enemies. But wise man does not neglect even small enemies. While they are in Agnyatavasa you should go on collecting armies from now.— Ibid Adhya. 29.

6. Then Susharma King of Trigarth raised quite a different subject. He said that Kichaka who was the Senapati of King Virat I hear dead, King Virat is to give us great trouble. Kichaka having been dead Virat must have become very weak. Why not invade the Kingdom of Virat ? This is the most opportune time. Karna also supported Susharma. Why worry about the Pandavas, these Pandavas are without wealth, without army and fallen. Why bother with them? They might have even been dead by now. Give up the search and let undertake the project of Susharma—Ibid Adhya. 30.

7. Susharma’s invasion of Vairat. Susharma carries away the cows of Virat. The cow herds go and inform Virat of this and ask him to pursue Susharma and rescue the cows.— Ibid Adhya. 31.

8. Virat became ready for war. In the meanwhile Shatanik the younger brother of Virat suggested that instead of going alone he

might take with him Rank (Sahadeo) Ballava (Yudhishtira) Santipal (Bhima) and Granthik (Nakula) to help him to fight Susharma. Virat agreed and they all went— Ibid. Adhya. 31.

9. War between Shusharma and Virat— Ibid Adhya. 32.

10. Yudhishthira rescues Virat.— Ibid. Adhya. 33.

11. Announcement in the Virat Nagari that their King is safe.— Ibid Adhya. 34.

ENTRY IN VIRAT NAGARI BY KAURVAS

12. While King Virat went after Susharman Duryodhan with Bhishma, Drona, Karna, Krapa, Ashvashthama, Shakuni, Dushashana, Vivinshali, Vikama, Chitrasen, Durmukha, Dushala and other warriers entered the Virat Nagari and captured the cows of Virat and were going away. The cowherds came to the palace of King Virat and gave the news. They need not find the King but they found his son Uttar. so they gave him the news.—Ibid Adhya. 35.

13. Uttar began to boast saying he was superior to Arjuna and would do the job. But his complaint was that there was no one to act his Sarathi. Draupadi went and told him that Brahannada was at one time the Sarathi of Arjuna. Why not ask him? He said he had no courage and requested Draupadi to make the request. Why not ask your younger sister Manorama. So he told Manorama to bring Brahannada— Ibid Adhya. 36.

14. Manorama takes Brahannada to his brothers and Uttara persuades him to be his Sarathi. Brahannada agreed and took the Rath of Uttara in front of the Kauravas— Ibid. Adhya. 37.

15. On seeing the army of the Kauravas Uttara left the Rath and started running away. Arjuna stopped him. The Kauravas seeing this began to suspect that the man might be Arjuna. Arjuna told him not to be afraid— Ibid Adhya. 38.

16. Arjuna took his Ratha to the Shami tree. Seeing this Drona said he must be Arjuna. Hearing this the Kauravas were greatly upset. But Duryodhana said if Drona is right it is good for us. Because it is before the thirteenth year that the Pandavas will have been discovered and they will have to suffer Vanavas again for 12 years.— Ibid Adhya. 39.

17. Arjuna asks Uttara to climb the Shami tree and to take down the weapons.—Ibid Adhya. 40.

18. Uttara’s doubts about the corpse on the Shami Tree—Ibid Adhya. 41.

19. Uttara’s excitement after seeing the weapons— Ibid Adhya. 42.

20. Arjuna’s description of the weapons.— Ibid Adhya. 43.

ANALYTICAL NOTES OF VIRAT PARVA & UDYOG PARVA

21. Uttara’s Inquiry regarding the whereabouts about the Pandavas.— Ibid Adhya. 44.

22. Climbing down of Uttara from the tree— Ibid Adhya. 45.

23. The Rath with Vanar Symbol. Drona becomes sure that he is Arjuna. Bad omens seen by the army of the Kauravas.— Ibid Adhya. 46.

24. Duryodhan encourages the soldiers who were frightened by Drona’s saying that it was Arjuna. Karna’s slander of Drona and proposal to Duryodhan to remove Drona as a Commander-in-Chief.— Ibid Adhya. 47.

25. Boasting by Kama and Pratijna to defeat Arjuna— Ibid Adhya. 48.

26. Krapacharya’s admonition to Karna not to brag and boast. War is regarded as bad by the Shastras— Ibid Adhya. 49.

27. Ashvasthama abuses Karna and Duryodhan because of their slander of Drona—Ibid Adhya. 50.

28. Ashavashthama abused Karna and Duryodhan for speaking ill of Drona. Karna replied, ‘after all I am only a Suta.’ But Arjuna has behaved as bad as Rama behaved towards Vali— Ibid Adhya. 50.

29. Ashvashthama was quieted by Bhisma, Drona and Krapa, Duryodhan and Karna tendered apology to Drona— Ibid Adhya. 51.

30. Bhishma’s decision that the Pandavas have completed 13 years.— ibid Adhya. 52.

31. Arjuna has defeated the army of the Kauravas.— Ibid Adhya. 53.

32. Arjuna defeats Karna’s Bhrata. Arjuna defeats Karna and Karna runs away—Ibid Adhya. 54.

33. Arjuna destroys the army of the Kauravas and breaks the Rath of Kripacharya—Ibid Adhya. 55.

34. Gods came out in heaven to witness the fight between Arjuna and the army of the Kauravas— Ibid Adhya. 56.

35. Battle between Krapa and Arjuna and the running away of Krapa.— Ibid Adhya. 57.

36. Battle between Drona and Arjuna and running away of Drona.— Ibid Adhya.’ 58.

37. Battle between Ashavashthama and Arjuna— Ibid Adhya. 59.

38. Battle between Karna and Arjuna, defeat of Karna—Adhya. 60.

39. Attack on Bhishma by Arjuna— Ibid Adhya. 61.

40. Arjuna kills the Kauravas soldiers— Ibid Adhya. 62.

41. Defeat of Bhishma and his running away from the Battle-field— Ibid Adhya. 64.

42. Fainting of the soldiers of the Kauravas. Bhishmas telling them to return home.—Ibid Adhya. 66.

43. Kaurava soldiers surrendering to Arjuna from Abhay. Uttar and Arjuna return to Virat Nagari— Ibid Adhya. 67.

44. Virat enters his capital and his people honouring him.— Ibid Adhya. 68.

45. The Pandavas enter the King’s Assembly.— Ibid Adhya. 69.

46. Arjuna introduces his other brothers in Virat.— Ibid Adhya. 71.

47. Marriage between Arjuna’s son and the daughter of Virat.— Ibid Adhya. 72.

48. Thereafter the Pandavas leave Virat Nagari and live in Upaplowya Nagari—Ibid Adhya. 72.

49. Arjuna thereafter brought his son Abhimanyu, Vasudev, and Yadav from Anrut Desh— Ibid Adhya. 72.

50. Friends of Yudhisthir such as Kings Kashiraj and Shalya came with two Akshauhini army. Similarly Yagyasen Drupadraj came with one Akshauhini. Draupadi’s all sons Ajinkya, Shikhandi, Drustadumna also came .— Ibid 72.

UDYOGAPARVA

After the marriage of Abhimanyu the Yadavas and the Pandavas met in the Sabha of King Virat. Krishna addresses them as to what is to be done about the future. We must do what is good both Kauravas and Pandavas. Dharma will accept anything—even one villaga—by Dharma. Even if he is given the whole kingdom by Duryodhana he will not accept it. Upto now the Pandavas have observed Niti. But if the Kauravas observe Aniti the Pandavas will not hesitate to kill the Kauravas. Let nobody be afraid on account of the fact that the Pandavas are a minority. They have many friends who will come to their rescue. We must try to know the wishes of the Kauravas. I suggest that we should send a messanger to Duryodhan and ask him to give part of the Kingdom to the Pandavas.—Udyog Parva, Adhya. 1.

2. Balaram supports the proposal of Krishna but added that it was the fault of Dharma knowing that he was losing at the hands of Shakuni. Therefore instead of fighting with the Kauravas get what you can by negotiation.—Ibid, Adhya. 2.

3. Satyaki got up and condemned Balaram for his attitude— Ibid Adhya. 3.

4. Drupad supports Satyaki. Drupad agrees to send his Purohit as a messanger—Ibid. Adhya. 4.

5. Krishna supports Drupad and goes to Dwarka. Kings invited by Drupad and Virat arrive. Similarly Kings invited by Duryodhan arrive.— Ibid, Adhya. 5.

ANALYTICAL NOTES OF VIRAT PARVA & UDYOG PARVA

6. Drupada instructs his purohit how to speak in the assembly and deal with the issue.— Ibid Adhya. 6.

7. Arjuna and Duryodhana both go to Dwarka to ask for his aid in the war. He said I will help you both. I can give my army to one and I can join one singly. Choose what you want. Duryodhan chose the army. Arjuna choose Krishna.—Ibid Adhya. 7.

8. Coming of Shalya to the Pandavas with a large army. Duryodhan thinks him lower. Meeting of Shalya and Pandavas. Pandavas request Shalya to discourage Karna in the war. Agreement of Shalya.— Ibid. Adhya. 8.

9. Adhya. 9—Irrelevant.

10. Adhya. 10—Irrelevant.

11. Adhya. 11—Irrelevant.

12. Adhya. 12—Irrelevant.

13. Adhya. 13—Irrelevant.

14. Adhya. 14—Irrelevant.

15. Adhya. 15—Irrelevant.

16. Adhya. 16—Irrelevant.

17. Adhya. 17—Irrelevant.

18. Adhya. 18—Irrelevant.

19. Adhya—Satyaki comes to Pandvas with his army and Bhagadatta went to Duryodhana.

20. Adhya. 20—The Purohit of Drupada enters the Kauravas Sabha. The Purohit said that the Pandvas are prepared to part evil deeds of the Kauravas and make a compromise with them. He told them that the Pandavas have a large army yet they wish to compromise.

21. Adhya. 21—Bhishma supports the Purohit. Karna objects. Dispute between Bhishma and Karna. Dhratrarashtra suggests that Sanjaya be sent for negotiation on their behalf.

22. Adhya. 22—Dhratrarashtra sends Sanjaya to go to the Pandvas and give his blessings and say what you think best for the occasion and which will not advance enmity between the two.

23. Adhya. 23—Sanjaya’s going to the Pandvas.

24. Adhya. 24—Conversation betwen Sanjaya and Yudhistira.

25. Adhya. 25—Sanjaya condemns war.

26. Adhya. 26—Dharma says ‘I am prepared to compromise if the Kauravas give us our Kingdom of Indraprastha.

27. Adhya. 27—It is Adharma to kill Gurujan and obtain a Kingdom. If the Kauravas refuse to give you any kingdom without war you had better live by begging in the Kingdom of Vrishni and Andhakas.

28. Adhya. 28—Says, Dharma Blame us Sanjaya if you think we have acted or acting against Dharma. Sanjaya says I want Swadharma or Sama.

29. Adhya. 29—Krishna’s address to Sanjaya why war is legitimate and asks him to go and tell his views to Dhratarashtra.

30. Adhya. 30—Sanjaya returns to Kauravas and tells Duryodhana to war. Duryodhan either to return Indraprastha to the Pandavas or be ready for war.

31. Adhya. 30—Sanjaya tells Duryodhan to live and let live. If he cannot give Indraprastha let him give us five villages.

32. Adhya. 31—Sanjaya reaches Dratrarashtra at night and tells him I will give you the message of Dharma in the morning.

33. Adhya. 32—Dhratarashtra is uneasy and wants to know the message Sanjaya brought. So he sends for Sanjaya immediately. Sanjaya gives him the message and says settle the dispute by giving them their share of the Kingdom.

34. Adhya. 34—Dhratarashtra calls for Vidura and asks his advice. His advice is, give the Pandavas their portion of the Kingdom.

35. Adhya. 35—Irrelevant.

36. Adhya. 36—Irrelevant. Vidur says make the two sides friends.

37. Adhya. 37—Irrelevant.

38. Adhya 38—Irrelevant.

39. Adhya. 39—Dhratarashtra tells Vidura I cannot give up Duryodhan although he is bad.

40. Adhya. 40—Vidura describes Chaturvarna.

41. Adhya. 41—Dhratarashtra asks Vidur about Brahma. He says I can’t because I am a Shudra. Then comes Sanat-Sujata.

42. Adhya. 42—Conversation between Dhratarashtra & Sanat Sujata on Brahma Vidya.

43. Adhya. 43—Dialogue between Sanat Sujat and Dhratarashtra on the same subject.

44. Adhya. 44—Sanat Sujata on Brahma Vidya.

45. Adhya. 45—Sanat Sujata preaches yoga.

46. Adhya. 46—Sanat Sujat on Atma.

47. Adhya. 47—Kauravas come to the Sabha to hear the message brought by Sanjaya.

48. Adhya. 48—Sanjaya delivers the message. (Particularly that part which was given by Arjuna?)

49. Adhya. 49—Praise of Arjuna & Krishna by Bhishma. Karna gets angry. Drona supports Bhisma and advices compromise.

50. Adhya. 50—Dhratarashtra asks Sanjaya who are the allies of the Pandvas & their strength. Sanjaya taunts, gets up answers.

ANALYTICAL NOTES OF VIRAT PARVA & UDYOG PARVA

51. Adhya. 51—Dhratarashtra thinks of the prowess of Bhismna and sighs.

52. Adhya. 52—Dhratarashtra thinks of the prowess of Arjuna and sighs.

53. Adhya. 53—Dhratarashtra thinks of the prowess of Dharma and his friends. He tells his sons to compromise with the Pandavas.

54. Adhya. 54—Sanjaya predicts the defeat of the Kauravas.

55. Adhya. 55—Duryodhan says Pandavas cannot defeat us because our forces are greater.

56. Adhya. 56—Sanjaya describes the disposition of the army made by the Pandavas.

57. Adhya. 57—Sanjaya describes how Pandavas have designed to kill the warriors of the Kauravas. Duryodhan says he is not afraid of the Pandvas defeating the Kauravas who have a larger army.

58. Adhya. 58—Dhratarashtra tells Duryodhan not to fight. Duryodhan takes oath not to swerve from battle. Dhratarashtra weeps.

59. Adhya. 59—Dhratarashtra tells Sanjaya to tell him what conversation took place between Krishna & Arjuna.

60. Adhya. 60—Dhratarashtra tells Duryodhan that the Devas will help the Pandavas and will ruin the Kauravas.

61. Adhya. 61—Duryodhan says he is not afraid of that.

62. Adhya. 62—Karna says he alone is capable of killing Arjuna.

63. Adhya. 63—Duryodhan says he is fighting relying on Karna & not on Bhishma, Drona etc.

64. Adhya. 64—Vidura tells Duryodhan give up enmity.

65. Adhya. 65—Dratarashtra admonishes Duryodhan.

66. Adhya. 66—Sanjaya tells Dratarashtra the message of Arjuna.

67. Adhya. 67—The kings who had assembled in the hall of the Kauravas return to their homes. Vyas and Gandhari come with Vidur. Vyas told Sanjaya to tell Dhratarashtra every thing he knows about the real Swarup of Krishna & Arjuna.

68. Adhya. 68—Sanjaya tells Dhratarashtra about Krishna.

69. Adhya. 69—Dhratarashtra tells Duryodhan to surrender to Krishna. Refusal of Duryodhan. Gandhari abuses Duryodhan.

70. Adhya 70—Different names of Krishna & their origin.

71. Adhya 71—Dhratarashtra surrenders to Krishna.

72. Adhya. 72—Conversation between Yudhistira and Krishna. Yudhistir says Sanjaya told him not to rely on Dhratarashtra. Yudhistir stresses the importance of property Speaks of (Kshatradharma) & the necessity of observing it Krishna proposes to go to the Kauravas. Yudhistir does not like the idea but says to what you think is the best.

73. Adhya. 73—Krishna tells Dharma the secret which has in mind. Don’t use soft speech with the Pandvas tells Krishna to Dharma. There are plenty of reasons why you should not make any compromise with the Kauravas. Emphasizes how the Kauravas disgraced Draupadi. Therefore Oh; Dharma do not hesitate to kill them.

74. Adhya. 74—Bhishma tells Krishna to use soft speech with the Kauravas.

75. Adhya. 75—Krishna redicules Bhima.

76. Adhya. 76—Bhima makes up his mind to fight.

77. Adhya. 77—Krishna tells Bhima the difference between Daiva and Paurush.

78. Adhya. 78—Arjuna tells Krishna to adopt Shama—failing war can be considered.

79. Adhya. 79—Krishna’s talk to Arjun. I will try to bring about a settlement by peace. If that is not possible be ready for war. I will not communicate to Duryodhan Dharma’s willingness to accept, five villages.

80. Adhya. 80—Nakul tells Krishna to do the best.

81. Adhya. 81—Sahadev meets Krishna and tells him to bring about a war with the Kauravas. Satyaki said that all warriors assembled here agree with the view of Sahadeo.

82. Adhya. 82—Draupadi meets Krishna & tells him that she will not be satisfied unless Duryodhan is punished. Krishna gives her assurance.

83. Adhya. 83—Last meeting between Arjuna and Krishna. Arjuna makes the best effort for Shama. Yudhishtir tells Krishna to give assurances to Kunti. Krishna starts on his mission.

84. Adhya. 84—Good & Bad omens to Krishna on his way to Hastinapura.

85. Adhya. 85—Duryodhana creates Resting places for Krishna’s journey to Hastinapur. Krishna arrives in Hastinapura.

86. Adhya. 86—Dhratarashtra tells Vidura what gifts are to be offered to krishna.

87. Adhya. 87—Vidur tells Dhratarashtra that he cannot separate Krishna from the Pandavas.

88. Adhya. 88—Duryodhan says Krishna is worship. But this is not the time to worship him. Bhishma tells Duryodhan to make a compromise with Pandavas. Duryodhan desires to look up Krishna. Bhishma’s strong opposition to Duryodhana.

89. Adhya. 89—Krishna’s entry into Hastinapur. Meeting with Dhratarashtra. His stay with Vidura.

90. Adhya. 90—Meeting between Kunti and Krishna—Kunti’s

ANALYTICAL NOTES OF VIRAT PARVA & UDYOG PARVA

sorrow. Krishna consoles her. Kunti tells Krishna— (1) Tell ray sons to fight for their kingdom. (2) I am sorry for Draupadi.

91. Adhya. 91—Kauravas invite Krishna to dinner. Krishna’s refusal. Krishna goes for meal to Vidur.

92. Adhya. 92—Vidur tells Krishna that he does not like his going among the Kauravas.

93 Adhya. 93—Krishna tells Vidura not all the Kauravas can hurt him. I have come only because Shama is Punnyakarak.

94. Adhya. 94—Krishna enters the assembly Hall of the Kauravas.

95. Adhya. 95—Krishna’s address to the Assembly. He told them pandavas are ready for both peace as well as war. Give them half their kingdom.

96. Adhya. 96—Jamadgni tells a story against arrogance.

97. Adhya. 97-105—Matali Akhyan.

98. Adhya. 106—Narada’s advice to Duryodhana.

99. Adhya. 106-123—Galava Akhyan.

100. Adhya. 124—Dratarashtra tells Krishna to advise Duryodhana.

101. Adhya. 125—Bhishma’s advice to Duryodhan. Drona’s support. Vidura’s condemnation of Duryodhana. Dhratarashtra’s advice.

102. Adhya. 126—Bhishma & Drona advice Duryodhana a second time.

103. Adhya. 127—Duryodhana announces not to give anything to the Pandavas.

104. Adhya. 128—Krishna condemns Duryodhana. Duryodhan leaves the Assembly. Dushyasana’s speech. Krishna warns Bhishma.

104. Adhya. 129—Dhratarashtra asks Vidur to bring Gandhari to the Assembly. Duryodhan comes back—Gandhari asks him to give half the Kingdom to Pandavas.

104. Adhya. 130—Duryodhana leaves the assembly. His intention to kill Krishna. Satyaki informs Dhratarashtra of this secret plot. Srikrishna’s speech. Dhratarashtra calls back Duryodhana to the assembly, warns him. Vidur’s condemnation.

105. Adhya. 131—Bhagwana’s Vishwarup Darshan Dhratarashtra gets Divya Chakshu? Krishna leaves the assembly and goes to Kunti.

106. Adhya. 132—Krishna tells Kunti what happened in the assembly. Kunti tells Krishna war is natural to Kshatriyas. There is no better Dharma than that.

107. Adhya. 133—Kunti tells Krishna the story of Vidula to reinforce her point.

108. Adhya. 134—Vidula’s story.

109. Adhya. 135—Vidula’s story.

110. Adhya. 136—Vidula’s story.

111. Adhya. 137—Kunti’s advice to her sons. Krishna’s advice to Karna and his departure to Upapalavya Nagari.

112. Adhya. 138—Advice to Duryodhana by Bhishma & Drona.

113. Adhya. 139—Bhishma’s sorrow. Drona again advises Duryodhana.

114. Adhya. 140—Conversation between Dhratarashtra and Sanjaya. Krishna advices Karna’s.

115. Adhya. 141—Karna’s reply to Krishna.

116. Adhya. 142—Krishna’s assurance to Karna that the Pandava’s will win.

117. Adhya. 143—Karna sees bad omens. His determination to finish Pandavas. His going home.

118. Adhya. 144—Conversation between Vidura and Pratha. Knows Duryodhana is determined to fight. Kunti’s sorrow. Her wish to tell Karna his origin. Kunti goes to the bank of the river.

119. Adhya. 145—Kunti meets Karna and tells him his origin and request him to join the Pandavas.

120. Adhya. 146—Surya supports the proposal of Kunti. Karna rejects it. Promises to save all the Pandavas except Arjuna.

121. Adhya. 147—Krishna goes to Pandavas. Yudhistir asks what happened in the Kaurava Sabha.

122. Adhya. 147, 148, 149, 150—Krishna relates the whole story.

123. Adhya. 151—Appointment of Senapati for the Pandavas Army. Entry of Pandava’s Army in Kurushetra.

124. Adhya. 152—Description of Pandavas arrangement for supply to the Army.

125. Adhya. 153—Arrangement on Kaurava’s side. Our army must enter Kurushetra tomorrow early morning.

126. Adhya. 154—Dharma’s fear of fall from his moral rectitude by going to war. Krishna satisfied him. Arjuna said you must fight.

127. Adhya. 155—Description of Duryodhan’s army.

128. Adhya. 156—Bhishma is made Senapati of the Kaurava’s army. Karna is offended. His decision not to take command till Bhishma is dead. Kaurava’s Army enters Kurushetra.

129. Adhya. 157—Krishna becomes commander of Pandava’s Army.

130. Balram goes on Pilgrimage saying I do not like the Kauravas destroyed.

131. Adhya. 158—Rukmi neither wanted by Arjuna nor by Duryodhana goes home.

132. Adhya. 159—Conversation between Sanjaya and Dhratarashtra. He blames Dhratarashtra.

ANALYTICAL NOTES OF VIRAT PARVA & UDYOG PARVA

133. Adhya. 160—Pandava’s Army on the bank of the Hiranyavati river. Duryodhan sends offensive messages to Pandavas and Krishna saying fight if you can.

134. Adhya. 161. Uluka goes with the messages.

135. Adhya. 162—Angry Pandavas send back angry messages. They give order that the war will start tomorrow. zz