परिशिष्टे

LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages I— Population of India by Communities ... ... 419 II— Communal distribution of population by Minorities in the Provinces of British India ... ... 420 III— Communal distribution of population by Minorities in the States ... ... ... ... 421 IV— Communal distribution of population in the Punjab by Districts ... ... ... ... 422 V— Communal distribution of population in Bengal by Districts ... ... ... ... 423 VI— Communal distribution of population in Assam by Districts ... ... ... ... 424 VII— Proportion of Muslim population in N. W. F. Province by Districts ... ... ... ... 425 VIII— Proportion of Muslim population in N.-W. F. Province by Towns ... ... ... ... 426 IX— Proportion of Muslim population in Sind by Districts ... ... ... ... 427 X— Proportion of Muslim population in Sind by Towns ... ... ... ... 428 XI— Languages spoken by the Muslims of India ... ... ... ... 429 XII— Address by Muslims to Lord Minto, 1906, and Reply thereto ... ... ... ... 430 XIII— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for the Lower House in each Provincial Legislature ... ... ... ... 446 XIV— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for the Upper House in each Provincial Legislature ... ... ... ... 447

Pages XV— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for the Lower House of the Federal Legislature for British India by Province and by Community ... ... 448 XVI— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for the Upper Chamber of the Federal Legislature for British India by Province and by Community ... ... 449 XVII— Allocation of Seats under the Government of India Act, 1935, for Indian States in the Upper and Lower Houses of the Federal Legislature ... ... ... ... 450 XVIII— Communal Award ... ... ... ... 455 XIX— Supplementary Communal Award ... ... 463 XX— The Poona Pact ... ... ... ... 464 XXI— Comparative Statement of Minority Representation under the Government of India Act, 1935, in the Provincial Legislature ... ... 466 XXII— Comparative Statement of Minority Representation under the Government of India Act, 1935, in the Central Legislature ... ... 467 XXIII— Government of India Resolution of 1934 on Communal Representation of Minorities in the Services ... ... ... ... 468 XXIV— Government of India Resolution of 1943 on Representation of the Scheduled Castes in the Services ... ... ... ... 474 XXV— The Cripps Proposals ... ... ... ... 478 Index ... ... ... ... 481 MAPS

1. Hindu and Muslim areas in the Punjab.

2. Hindu and Muslim areas in Bengal and Assam.

3. British India as divided into Pakistan and Hindustan.

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX I

Population of India by Communities Communities British India Indian States and Agencies Total

1. Hindus ... ... ... 150,890,146 55,227,180 206,117,326

2. Muslims ... ... ... 79,398,503 12,659,593 92,058,096

3. Scheduled Castes* ... 39,920,807 8,892,373 48,813,180

4. Tribal ... ... ... 16,713,256 8,728,233 25,441,489

5. Sikhs ... ... ... 4,165,097 1,526,350 5,691,447

6. Christians:

(i) Indian Christians ... 1,655,982 1,413,808 3,069,790 (ii) Anglo-Indians ... 113,936 26,486 140,422 (iii) Others ... ... 75,751 7,708 83,459

7. Jains ... ... ... 578,372 870,914 1,449,286

8. Buddhists ... ... ... 167,413 64,590 232,003

9. Parsees ... ... ... 101,968 12,922 114,890

10. Jews ... ... ... 19,327 3,153 22,480

11. Others ... ... ... 371,403 38,474 409,877 Total ... 294,171,961 89,471,784 383,643,745

* This is a statutory designation given to the untouchables by the Government of India Act, 1935.

NOTE.—The figures for the Scheduled Castes both for British India and Indian States do not give the correct totals. The figures for Ajmer-Merwara in British India and for Gwalior State are not included in the totals. The Census Reports for 1940 fail to give these figures.

APPENDIX II

COMMUNAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY MINORITIES IN THE PROVINCES OF BRITISH INDIA Provinces Total Population Muslims Scheduled Castes Indian Christians Sikhs Population Per- centage Popula- tion Per- centage Popula- tion Per- centage Popula- tion Per- centage

1. Ajmere-Merwara ... ... 583,693 89,899 15.4 Nil (?) .. 3,895 .8 867 .15

2. Andaman Nicobar ... ... 33,768 8,005 23.7 Nil .. 779 2.3 744 2.2

3. Assam ... ... ... 10,204,733 3,442,479 33.7 676,291 6.6 37,750 .4 3,464 .03

4. British Baluchistan ... ... 501,631 438,930 87.5 5,102 1.0 2,633 .5 11,918 2.3

5. Bengal ... ... ... 60,306,525 33,005,434 54.7 7,878,970 13.0 110,923 .2 16,281 .03

6. Bihar* ... ... ... 36,340,151 4,716,314 12.9 4,840,379 13.3 24,693 .07 13,213 .04

7. Bombay ... ... ... 20,849,840 1,920,368 9.2 1,855,148 8.9 338,812 1.6 8,011 .04

8. Central Provinces & Berar† ... 16,813,584 783,697 4.7 3,051,413 18.1 48,260 .3 14,996 .09

9. Coorg ... ... ... 168,726 14,780 8.8 25,740 15.3 3,309 2.0 Nil ..

10. Delhi ... ... ... 917,939 304,971 33.2 121,693 13.3 10,494 1.1 16,157 1.8

11. Madras ... ... ... 49,341,810 3,896,452 7.9 8,068,492 16.4 2,001,082 4.06 418 .001

12. N.-W. F. P. ... ... 3,038,067 2,788,797 91.8 Nil .. 5,426 .2 57,989 1.9

13. Orissa ... ... ... 8,728,544 146,301 1.7 1,238,171 14.2 26,584 .3 232 .003

14. Punjab ... ... ... 28,418,819 16,217,242 57.0 1,248,635 4.4 486,038 1.7 3,757,401 13.2

15. Panth Piploda ... ... 5,267 251 4.8 918 17.4 216 4.1 Nil ..

16. Sind ... ... ... 4,229,221 3,054,635 72.2 191,634 4.5 13,232 .3 31,011 .7

17. United Provinces @ ... 55,020,617 8,416,308 15.3 11,717,158 21.3 131,327 .2 232,445 .4 Total ... 295,502,935 79,344,863 26.9 40,919,744 13.9 3,245,453 1.0 4,155,147 1.0

* Bihar ... ... ... 28,823,802 4,168,470 14.4 3,919,619 13.6 12,651 .04 3,204 .01 Chota Nagpur ... ... 7,516,349 547,844 7.3 420,760 5.6 12,042 .2 10,009 .1 + C. P. ... ... ... 13,208,718 448,528 3.4 2,359,836 17.9 42,135 .3 12,766 .1 Berar ... ... ... 3,604,866 335,169 9.3 691,577 19.2 6,125 .2 2,230 .05 @ Agra ... ... ... 40,906,147 6,231,062 15.2 8,018,803 19.6 120,549 .3 226,096 .5 Oudh ... ... ... 14,114,470 2,185,246 15.5 3,698,355 26.2 10,778 .08 6,349 .05

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX III COMMUNAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY MINORITIES IN INDIAN STATES

States and Agencies Total Population Muslims Scheduled Castes Indian Christians Sikhs Population Per- centage Population Per- centage Population Per- centage Population Per- centage

1. Assam ... ... 725,655 31,662 4.4 265 0.04 25,913 3.6 381 .05

2. Baluchistan ... ... 356,204 346,251 97.2 65 0.02 40 .01 126 .04

3. Baroda ... ... 2,855,010 223,610 7.8 230,794 8.1 9,182 .3 566 .02

4. Bengal ... ... 2,144,829 372,113 17.3 269,729 12.6 564 .03 28 .001

5. Central India ... ... 7,506,427 439,850 5.9 1,027.009 13.7 7,582 .1 2,731 .04

6. Chattisgarh ... ... 4,050,000 28,773 0.7 483,132 11.9 11,820 .3 507 .01

7. Cochin ... ... 1,422,875 109,188 7.7 141,154 9.9 399,394 28.1 9 ..

8. Deccan (and Kolhapur) ... 2,785,428 182,036 6.5 306,898 11.0 17,236 .6 22 .001

9. Gujarat ... ... 1,458,702 58,000 3.9 55,204 3.8 4,215 .3 182 .01

10. Gwalior ... ... 4,006,159 240,903 6.0 .. .. 1,352 .03 2,342 .06

11. Hyderabad ... ... 16,338,534 2,097,475 12.8 2,928,048 17.9 215,989 1.3 5,330 .03

12. Kashmir and Feudatories ... 4,021,616 3,073,540 76.4 113,464 2.8 3,079 .08 65,903 1.6

13. Madras ... ... 498,754 30,263 6.0 83,734 16.8 20,806 4.2 5 ..

14. Mysore ... ... 7,329,140 485,230 6.6 1,405,067 19.2 98,580 1.3 269 .004

15. N.-W.F.P. ... ... 46,267 22,068 47.7 Nil .. 571 1.2 4,472 9.1

16. Orissa ... ... 3,023,731 14,355 0.47 352,088 11.6 2,249 .07 151 .005

17. Punjab ... ... 5,503,554 2,251,459 40.9 349,962 6.4 6,952 .1 1,342,685 24.4

18. Punjab Hill ... ... 1,090,644 46,678 4.3 238,774 21.9 188 .02 17,739 1.6

19. Rajputana ... ... 13,670,208 1,297,841 9.5 .. .. 4,349 .03 81,896 .6

20. Sikkim ... ... 121,520 83 0.07 76 06 34 .03 1 ..

21. Travancore ... ... 6,070,018 434,150 7.2 395,952 6.5 1,958,491 32.3 31 ..

22. UP. ... ... 928,470 273,625 29.5 152,927 16.5 1,281 .1 731 .08

23. Western India ... ... 4,904,156 600,440 12.2 358,038 7.3 3,105 .06 239 .005 Total ... 91,810,571 15,733,133 16.59 8,892,373 9.7 2,794,959 3.1 1,526,350 1.7

APPENDIX IV COMMUNAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN THE PUNJAB BY DISTRICTS

Districts Total Population Muslims Scheduled Castes Indian Christians Sikhs Hindus Population Per- centage Population Per- centage Population Per- centage Population Per- centage Population Per- centage

1. Hissar ... ... 1,006,709 285,208 28.3 128,240 12.7 1,235 .1 60,731 6.0 524,602 52.12. Rohtak ... ... 956,399 166,569 17.4 135,103 14.1 1,026 .1 1,466 .2 645,371 57.53. Gurgaon ... ... 851,458 285,992 33.6 119,250 14.0 1,457 .2 637 .07 441,287 51.84. Karnal ... ... 994,575 304,346 30.6 136,713 13.7 1,223 .1 19,887 2.0 529,588 53.25. Ambala ... ... 847,745 268,999 31.7 124,006 14.6 4,892 .6 153,543 18.1 288,652 34.06. Simla ... ... 38,576 7,022 18.2 7,092 18.4 508 1.3 1,032 2.7 22,374 58.07. Kangra ... ... 899,377 43,249 4.8 121,622 13.5 590 .07 4,809 .5 725,909 80.78. Hoshiyarpur ... 1,170,323 380,759 32.5 170,855 14.6 6,060 .5 198,194 16.9 413,837 35.49. Jullundar ... 1,127,190 509,804 45.2 154,431 13.7 5,971 .5 298,744 26.5 156,579 13.910. Ludhiana ... ... 818,615 302,482 36.9 68,469 8.4 1,632 .2 341,175 41.7 106,246 12.911. Ferozpore ... ... 1,423,076 641,448 45.1 73,504 5.1 11,031 .8 479,486 33.7 216,229 15.212. Lahore ... ... 1,695,375 1,027,772 60.6 32,735 1.9 67,686 4.0 310,648 18.3 252,004 14.913. Amritsar ... ... 1,413,876 657,695 46.5 22,750 1.6 25,330 1.8 510,845 36.1 194,727 13.814. Gurdaspur ... ... 1,153,511 589,923 51.1 45,839 4.0 40,262 4.4 221,251 19.2 244,935 21.215. Sialkot ... ... 1,190,497 739,218 62.1 65,354 5.5 73,846 6.2 139,409 11.7 165,965 13.916. Gujranwalla ... ... 912,235 642,706 70.5 7,485 .8 60,380 6.6 99,139 10.9 100,630 11.017. Shakhupura ... ... 852,508 542,344 63.6 22,438 2.6 59,985 7.0 160,706 18.9 66,744 7.818. Gujarat ... ... 1,104,952 945,609 85.6 4,621 .4 4,391 .4 70,233 6.3 80,022 7.219. Shahapur ... ... 998,921 835,918 83.7 9,693 1.0 12,690 1.3 48,046 4.8 92,479 9.220. Jhealam ... ... 629,658 563,033 89.4 771 .1 730 .1 24,680 3.9 40,117 6.421. Rawalpindi ... 785,231 628,193 80.0 4,233 .5 4,212 .5 64,127 8.2 78,245 10.022. Attock ... ... 675,875 611,128 90.4 1,015 .1 504 .09 20,102 3.0 42,194 6.223. Mianwali ... ... 506,321 436,260 86.2 1,008 .2 324 .06 6,865 1.3 61,806 12.224. Montgomery ... 1,329,103 918,564 69.1 43,456 3.2 24,101 1.9 175,064 13.2 167,510 12.625. Lyallpore ... ... 1,396,305 877,518 62.8 68,222 4.9 51,694 3.7 262,737 18.8 135,637 9.726. Jhang ... ... 821,631 678,736 82.6 1,943 .2 744 .1 12,238 1.5 127,946 15.627. Multan ... ... 1,484,333 1,157,911 78.0 24,530 1.7 13,270 .9 61,628 4.1 225,342 15.228. Muzaffargarh 712,849 616,074 86.4 2,691 .4 218 .03 5,882 .8 87,952 12.329. Dera Gazi Khan 581,350 512,678 88.1 1,059 .2 46 .01 1,072 .2 66,348 11.430. Transfrontier Tract 40,246 40,084 99.6 Nil .. Nil .. 2 .. 160 .4 Total ... 28,418,820 16,217,242 57.1 1,592,320 5.6 486,038 1.7 3,757,401 13.2 6,301,737 22.2

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX V COMMUNAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN BENGAL BY DISTRICTS

Districts Total Population Muslims Scheduled Castes Hindus Indian Christians Population Per- centage Population Per- centage Population Per- centage Population Per- centage

1. Burdwan .. .. 1,890,732 336,665 17.8 430,300 22.8 963,520 51.0 3,280 .2

2. Birbhum .. .. .. 1,048,317 287,310 27.4 280,254 26.7 406,182 38.8 344 .03

3. Bankura .. .. .. 1,289,640 55,564 4.3 355,290 27.5 723,269 56.1 1,216 .1

4. Midnapore .. .. 3,190,647 246,559 7.7 339,066 10.6 2,342,897 73.4 3,834 .1

5. Hooghly .. .. .. 1,377,729 207,077 15.0 245,810 17.8 853,734 61.9 543 .04

6. Howrah .. .. .. 1,490,304 296,325 19.9 184,318 12.4 1,000,548 67.1 994 .06

7. 24-Parganas .. .. 3,536,386 1,148,180 32.5 743,397 21.0 1,566,599 44.3 20,823 .6

8. Calcutta .. .. .. 2,108,891 497,535 23.6 55,228 2.6 1,476,284 70.0 16,431 .8

9. Nadia .. .. .. 1,759,846 1,078,007 61.3 143,682 8.2 514,268 29.2 10,749 .6

10. Murshidabad .. .. 1,640,530 927,747 56.6 167,184 10.2 517,803 31.6 394 .02

11. Khulna .. .. .. 1,943,218 959,172 49.4 470,550 24.2 507,143 26.1 3,538 .2

12. Rajashahi .. .. .. 1,571,750 1,173,285 74.6 75,650 4.8 253,580 16.1 1,166 .07

13. Dinajpur .. .. .. 1,926,833 967,246 50.2 399,410 20.7 375,212 19.5 1,448 .07

14. Jalpaiguri .. .. 1,089,513 251,460 23.1 325,504 29.9 226,143 20.8 2,589 .2

15. Darjeeling .. .. 376,369 9,125 2.4 28,922 7.7 149,574 39.7 2,599 .7

16. Rangpur .. .. .. 2,877,847 2,055,186 71.4 495,462 17.2 307,387 10.7 389 .01

17. Bogra .. .. .. 1,260,463 1,057,902 83.9 61,303 4.9 126,229 10.0 286 .02

18. Pabna .. .. .. 1,705,072 1,313,968 77.1 114,738 6.7 269,017 15.8 285 .02

19. Malda .. .. .. 1,232,618 699,945 56.7 75,535 6.1 390,143 31.6 466 .04

20. Dacca .. .. .. 4,222,143 2,841,261 67.3 409,905 9.7 950,227 22.5 15,846 .4

21. Mymensingh .. .. 6,023,758 4,664,548 77.4 340,676 5.7 955,962 15.9 2,322 .04

22. Faridpur .. .. .. 2,888,803 1,871,336 64.4 527,496 18.3 478,742 16.6 9,549 .3

23. Bakargunj .. .. .. 3,549,010 2,567,027 72.3 427,667 12.1 480,962 13.6 9,357 .2

24. Tippera .. .. .. 3,860,139 2,975,901 77.1 227,643 5.9 652,318 16.9 428 .01

25. Naokhali .. .. .. 2,217,402 1,803,937 81.3 81,817 3.7 330.494 14.9 535 .02 26, Chittagong .. .. 2,153,296 1,605,183 74.5 57,024 2.6 401,050 18.6 395 .02

27. Chittagong Hill Tracts .. 247,053 7,270 2.9 283 .1 4,598 1.9 60 .02

28. Jessore .. .. .. 1,828,216 1,100,713 60.2 314,856 17.2 406,223 22.2 1,057 .06 Total .. 60,306,525 33,005,434 54.7 7,378,970 12.2 17,630,054 29.3 110,923 .2

APPENDIX VI

Communal Distribution of Population in Assam by Districts Districts Total Population Muslims Scheduled Castes Indian Christians Sikhs Hindus Population P.C. Population P.C. Population P.C. Population P.C. Population P.C. Surma Valley

1. Kachahar .. 641,181 232,950 36.3 51,961 8.1 3,744 .6 .. .. 173,855 27.1

2. Sylhet .. 3,116,602 1,892,117 60.7 364,510 11.7 2,590 .08 .. .. 785,004 25.2

3. Khasi and Jantia Hills .. 118,665 1,555 1.3 63 .05 120 .1 .. .. 12,676 10.7

4. Naga Hills .. 189,641 531 .2 45 .02 9 .. .. .. 4,153 2.2

5. Lushai Hills .. 152,786 101 .06 22 .01 Nil .. .. .. 2,425 1.6 Assam Valley

6. Goalpara .. 1,014,285 468,924 46.2 23,434 2.3 269 .03 .. .. 282,789 27.9

7. Kamrup .. 1,264,200 361,522 39.1 59,092 4.7 1.038 .08 .. .. 637,457 50.4

8. Darang .. 736,791 120,995 16.4 19,475 2.6 6,367 .8 .. .. 328,283 44.6

9. Nowgong .. 710,800 250,113 35.2 59,214 8.3 4,049 .6 .. .. 229,137 32.2

10. Sibsagar .. 1,074,741 51,769 4.8 50,184 4.7 15,268 1.4 .. .. 593,007 55.2

11. Lakmipur .. 894,842 44,579 5.0 43,527 4.9 3,786 .4 .. .. 457,509 51.1

12. Garo Hills .. 233,569 10,398 4.5 789 .3 1 .. .. .. 13,518 5.8

13. Sadiya Frontier Tract .. 60,118 864 1.4 3,991 6.6 486 .8 .. .. 14,605 24.3

14. Balipara Frontier Tract .. 6,512 61 .9 74 1.1 23 .4 .. .. 2,514 38.6 Total .. 10,204,733 3,442,479 33.7 676,291 6.6 37,750 .4 3,464 .03 3,536,932 34.6

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX VII N.-W. F. PROVINCE

Proportion of Muslim Population by Districts Districts Total Population Total Muslim Population P. C. of Muslim Population to Total Total Non- Muslim Population P. C. of Non- Muslim to Total Hazara ... ... 796,230 756,004 94.9 40,226 5.1 Mardan ... ... 506,539 483,575 96.5 22,964 4.5 Peshawar ... ... 851,833 769,589 90.4 82,244 9.6 Kohat ... ... 289,404 266,224 92.0 23,180 8.0 Bannu ... ... 295,930 257,648 87.1 38,282 12.9 D. I. Khan ... ... 298,131 255,757 85.8 42,374 14.2

APPENDIX VIII N.-W. F. PROVINCE

Proportion of Muslim to Non-Muslim Population in Towns C = Cantonment. M = Municipality. N.A. = Notified Area. Towns by Districts Total Population Total Muslim Population Percent- age of Muslims to Total Total Non- Muslim Population Percent- age of Non- Muslims to Total Hazara

1. Abbottabad … C. 13,866 3,331 2 4 10,535 7.6

2. Abbottabad … M. 13,558 8,861 66.1 4,697 33.9

3. Haripur … M. 9,322 5,174 55.5 4,148 44.5

4. Baffa … N.A. 7,988 7,166 89.7 822 10.3

5. Nawanshehr … N.A. 6,414 5,075 79.1 1,339 20.9

6. Kot Najibullah … 5,315 4,228 79.5 2,087 20.5

7. Mansehra … … 10,217 8,141 79.7 1,076 20.3 Mardan

8. Mardan … M. 39,200 28,994 73.9 10,206 26.1

9. Mardan … C. 3,294 1,307 39.7 1,987 60.3 Peshawar

10. Peshawar … M. 1,30,967 1,04,650 79.9 26,317 20.1

11. Peshawar … C. 42,453 18,322 43.2 24,131 56.8

12. Nowshera … N.A. 17,491 16,976 9 7 5 1 5 3

13. Nowshera … C. 26,531 11,256 42.4 15,275 57.6

14. Risalpur … C. 9,009 3,506 38.9 5,503 61.1

15. Cherat … C. 337 270 80.1 6 7 19.9

16. Charsada … … 16,945 15,747 92.9 1,198 7.1

17. Utamanzai … … 10,129 9,768 96.4 3 6 1 3.6

18. Tangi … … 12,906 12,456 96.5 4 5 0 3.5

19. Parang … … 13,496 13,494 99.9 2 … Kohat

20. Kohat … M. 34,316 27,868 81.2 6,448 18.8

21. Kohat … C. 10,661 4,243 39.8 6,418 60.2 Bannu

22. Bannu … M. 33,210 8,507 25.6 24,703 74.4

23. Bannu … C. 5,294 2,189 41.4 3,105 58.6

24. Lakki … N.A. 10,141 5,883 5 8 4,258 4 2 Dera Ismail Khan

25. D. I. Khan … M. 49,238 25,443 51.7 23,795 48.3

26. D. I. Khan … C. 2,068 981 47.4 1,087 52.6

27. Kulachi … N.A. 8,840 6,610 74.8 2,230 25.2

28. Tauk … N.A. 9,089 5,531 60.8 3,558 39.2

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX IX SIND DISTRIBUTION OF MUSLIM POPULATION BY DISTRICTS

Districts Total Population Total Muslim Population P. C. of Muslims to Total Total Non- Muslims P. C. of Non- Muslims to Total 1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Dadu … … 389,380 329,991 84.7 59,389 15.3

2. Hyderabad … 758,748 507,620 66.9 251,128 33.1

3. Karachi … 713,900 457,035 64.0 256,865 36.0

4. Larkana … 511,208 418,543 81.9 92,665 18.1

5. Nawabshah … 584,178 436,414 74.7 147,764 25.3

6. Sukkur ... … 692,556 491,634 71.0 200,922 29.0

7. Thar Parkar … 581,004 292,025 50.3 288,979 49.7 8.

Upper Sind Fron- tier … … 304,034 275,063 90.5 28,971 9.5 Total* … 4,553,008 3,208,325 70.7 1,326,683 29.3

* This is exclusive of the population of Khairpur State.

APPENDIX X SIND

Proportion of Muslim to Non-Muslim Population in Towns M=Municipality: CI. C.=Civil Cantonment; Mily. C.=Military Cantonment Towns by Districts Total Population Total Muslim Population P. C. of Muslims to Total Total Non-Muslim Population P.C. of Non- Muslims to Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dadu

1. Dadu ... M. 10,996 5,279 48 5,717 52.0

2. Kotri ... M. 9,979 5,137 51.5 4,842 48.5

3. Manjhand ... M. 3,025 1,053 34.8 1,972 65.2

4. Sehwan ... M. 4,364 2,218 50.8 2,146 49.2 Hyderabad

5. Hala ... M. 7,960 5,042 63.3 2,918 36.7

6. Hyderabad ... M. 1,27,521 31,983 25.1 95,538 74.9

7. Hyderabad ... CI. C. 5,255 2,667 50.7 2,588 49.3

8. Hyderabad .

... Mily. C. 1,917 1,419 74 498 26

9. Matiari ... M. 5,910 4,339 73.4 1,571 26.6

10. Nasarpur ... M. 3,810 2,331 61.2 1.479 38.8

11. Tando Allahyar M. 8,406 1,690 20.1 6,716 79.9

12. Tando Maho- med Khan.

... M. 8,718 2,902 33.3 5,816 66.7

Karachi

13. Karachi ... M. 3,58,492 1,52,365 42.5 2,06,127 57.5

14. Karachi ... CI. C. 5,854 895 15.3 4,959 84.7

15. Daigh Road ... CI. C. 2,881 1,172 40.7 1,709 59.3

16. Manora ... CI. C. 2,533 932 36.8 1,601 63.2

17. Karachi ... Mily.C. 15,895 7,063 44.4 8,832 5.56

18. Tatta ... M. 8,262 4,198 50.8 4,064 49.2 Larkana

19. Kambar ... M. 11,681 6,297 53.1 5,384 46.9

20. Larkana ... M. 20,390 7,834 38.4 12,556 61.6

21. Ratedero ... M. 9,925 2,393 24.1 7,532 75.9 Nawabshah ...

22. Nawabshah ... M. 17,509 4,420 25.3 13,089 74.7

23. Shahabadpur. ... M. 11,786 1,898 16.1 9,888 83.9

24. Tando Adam ... M. 17,233 2,994 17.4 14,239 82.6 Sukkur

25. Ghari Yasin ... M. 8,397 2,895 34.5 5,502 65.5

26. Ghotki ... M. 5,236 1,533 29.3 3,703 70.7

27. Rohri ... M. 14,721 4,132 28.7 10,589 71.9

28. Shikarpur ... M. 67,746 21,775 32.1 45,971 67.9

29. Sukkur ... M. 66,466 18,152 27.3 48,314 72.7 Thar Parkar

30. Mirpurkhas ... M. 19,591 5,086 25.9 14,505 74.1

31. Umarkot ... M. 4,275 986 22.9 3,289 77.1 Upper Sind Frontier

32. Jacobabad ... M. 21,588 9,774 45.3 11,814 54.7

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX XI LANGUAGES USED IN INDIA BY MUSLIMS IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

(According to Census of 1921 )

Urdu (Western Hindi ) … … 20,791,000 Bengali … … … 23,995,000 Punjabi … … … 7,700,000 Sindhi … … … 2,912,000 Kashmiri (and allied languages) … 1,500,000 Pushtu … … … 1,460,000 Gujarati … … … 1,400,000 Tamil … … … 1,250,000 Malayalam … … … 1,107,000 Telugu … … … 750,000 Oriya. … … … 400,000 Baluchi … … … 224,000 Brahui … … … 122,000 Arabic … … … 42,000 Persian … … … 22,000 Other languages … … … 5,060,000 Total… 68,735,000

APPENDIX XII

Address* presented to H. E. Lord Minto, Viceroy and Governor- General of India by A Deputation of the Muslim Community of India on 1st October 1906 at Simla ADDRESS “May it please your Excellency,—Availing ourselves of the permission accorded to us, we, the undersigned nobles, jagirdars, taluqdars, lawyers, zemindars, merchants and others representing a large body of the Mahomedan subjects of His Majesty the King-Emperor in different parts of India, beg most respectfully to approach your Excellency with the following address for your favourable consideration.

* This document has a great importance and significance in the history of India. It marks the beginning of the British Government’s policy of giving favourable treatment to the Muslims in the administration of India which, it is alleged, was intended to wean them away from the Congress and to create a breach and disunity between the Hindus and the Musalmans. It has also acquired a certain amount of notoriety in the minds of the Indians in view of the statement made by late Maulana Mohammad Ali in his address as President of the Congress, stating that “it was a command performance”, meaning thereby that the address was arranged by the British Government. On this account there has been a great deal of curiosity on the part of many Indians to know the text of the address and the reply given by Lord Minto. I had made a long search to obtain the same. I had even approached elderly Muslim politicians prominent in those days for a copy but none of them had it or knew where it was available. Newspapers of that day do not appear to have carried the text of the address and the reply. I was however lucky to get a copy of it from my friend Sir Raza Ali, M.L.A. (Central), who happened to have kept a cutting of the Indian Daily Telegraph—a paper then published from Lucknow but had long ago become defunct, in which the full text of the address as well as of the reply was printed. I am grateful to Sir Raza Ali for a loan of the cutting. As the document marks a historic event in the political history of British administration in India, it might be of some interest to reproduce details about the function which the Simla correspondent of the Indian Daily Telegraph had published in its issue of October 3rd, 1906. Says the correspondent:—

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We fully realise and appreciate the incalculable benefits conferred by British rule on the teeming millions belonging to diverse races and professing diverse religions who form the population of the vast continent of India, and have every reason to be grateful for the peace, security, personal freedom and liberty of worship that we now enjoy. Further, from the wise and enlightened character of the Government, we have every reasonable ground for anticipating that these benefits will be progressive, and that India will in the future occupy an increasingly important position in the comity of nations. “The representatives of the Mahomedan community who were to present the address to His Excellency the Viceroy this morning at Viceregal Lodge collected in the Ballroom at 11 A.M. They numbered thirty-five and were seated in a horse-shoe facing His Excellency’s chair. Precisely at 11 A.M. Lord Minto, preceded by his staff, entered the room, all standing to receive him. His Excellency was taken round and personally introduced to each member by the Aga Khan. The Khalifa from Patiala then asked permission for the presentation of the address and the Aga Khan then advanced and facing His Excellency read the petition given below, all the representatives standing.” Those who formed the deputation were:—His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan, G.C.I.E., (Bombay), Shahzadah Bakhtiar Shah, O.I.E., Head of the Mysore family, Calcutta; Hon’ble Malik Omar Hayat Khan, CIE., Lieutenant 17th Prince of Wales’ Tiwana Lancers, Tiwana, Shahpur (Punjab) ; Hon’ble Khan Bahadur Mian Mohomed Shah Din, Bar.-at-Law, Lahore; Hon’ble Maulvi Sharfuddin, Bar.-at-Law, Patna; Khan Bahadur Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury, Mymensingh (Eastern Bengal) ; Nawab Bahadur Syed Amir Husan Khan, C.I.E., Calcutta; Naseer Hussain Khan Khayal, Calcutta; Khan Bahadur Mirza Shujaat Ali Beg; Persian Consul-General, Murshidabad, Calcutta (Bengal) ; Syed Ali Imam, Bar.-at-Law, Patna (Behar); Nawab Sarfraz Husain Khan; Patna (Behar) ; Khan Bahadur Ahmad Mohiuddin Khan, Stipendiary of the Carnatic family (Madras); Maulvi Rafiuddin Ahmed, Bar.-at-Law (Bombay) ; Ebrahimbhoy Adamji Peerbhoy, General Merchant (Bombay) ; Mr. Abdur Rahim, Bar.-at-Law, Calcutta; Syed Allahdad Shah, Special Magistrate and Vice-President, Zamindars’ Association, Khairpore (Sindh) ; Maulana H. M. Malak, Head of Mehdi Bazh Bohras, Nagpur (Central Provinces) ; Mushir-ud-Doula Mumtazal-ul-Mulk Khan Bahadur Khalifa Syed Mohamad Hussain, Member of the State Council of Patiala (Punjab); Khan Bahadur Col. Abdul Majid Khan, Foreign Minister, Patiala (Punjab); Khan Bahadur Khwaja Kusuf Shah, Hony. Magistrate, Amritsar (Punjab); Mian Mahomed Shafi, Bar.-at-Law, Lahore (Punjab) ; Shaikh Ghulam Sadik, Amritsar (Punjab) ; Hakim Mohamed Ajmul Khan, Delhi (Punjab); Munshi Ihtisham Ali, Zamindar and Rais, Kakori (Oudh) ; Syed Nabi Ullah, Bar.-atLaw, Rais Kara, Dist. Allahabad; Maulvi Syed Karamat Husain, Bar.-at-Law, Allahabad; Syed Abdulraoof, Bar.-at-Law, Allahabad; Munshi Abdur Salam Khan, retired Sub-Judge, Rampur; Khan Bahadur Mohamad Muzammil Ullah Khan, Zamindar, Secretary, Zamindars’ Association, United Provinces, and Joint

One of the most important characteristics of British policy in India is the increasing deference that has so far as possible been paid from the first to the views and wishes of the people of the country in matters affecting their interests, with due regard always to the diversity of race and religion which forms such an important feature of all Indian progress.

Claims of the Community Beginning with the confidential and unobtrusive method of consulting influential members of important communities in different parts of the country, this principle was gradually extended by the recognition of the right of recognised political or Secretary, M. A. O. College Trustees, Aligarh : Haji Mohamed Ismail Khan, Zamindar, Aligarh; Sahabzadas Aftab Ahmad Khan, Bar.-at-Law, Aligarh ; Maulvi Mushtaq Hussain, Rais, Amroha, United Provinces; Maulvi Habibul Rahaman Khan, Zamindar, Bhikhanpur, United Provinces; Nawab Syed Sirdar Ali Khan, son of the late Nawab Sirdar Diler-Ul-mulk Bahadur, C.I.E., Hyderabad (Deccan); Maulvi Syed Mahdee Ally Khan (Muhsin-ul-Mulk), Hony. Secretary. M. A. O. College, Aligarh, Etawah, United Provinces.

The following gentlemen intended to have attended the presentation of the address to the Viceroy, but were prevented by illness or other causes:— Hon’ble Nawab Khwaja , Salimulla, Nawab of Dacca, Hon’ble Nawab Haji Mohamed Fateh Ali Khan, Qazel-bash, Lahore; Hon’ble Syed Zainul-Edros, Surat, Khan Bahadur Kasim Mir Ghayasuddin Peerzadah of Broach: Khan Bahadur Raja Jahandad of Hazara and Shaik Shahid Hussain of Lucknow.

The correspondent of the Telegraph adds:— Lady Minto, the Ladies Elliot and the Hon. Mrs. Hewett were present at the function.

At the presentation of the address today most of the deputies wore ordinary European dress with a fez as distinguishing head-dress, but the Patiala representatives, Lieut. Hon. Malik Omar Hayat Khan, Khan Bahadur Ali Choudhary, Khan Bahadur Ahmad Mohiuddin Khan and a few others, were in Indian dress, while a few others wore uniforms with gold lace. His Excellency the Viceroy was in morning dress with the Order of the Star of India on his frock coat. GARDEN PARTY AT VICEREGAL LODGE This afternoon a garden party was held in the Viceregal Lodge grounds when the Mahomedan representatives were received by the Viceroy, who spoke with each deputy individually.

The Hon. Mr. Baker, Financial Secretary, has invited the following Bengal gentlemen of the Mahomedan deputation to lunch tomorrow:— Nawab Amir Hosein, Mirza Shujat Ali, Nawab Nasar Hossein, Hon. Shurfuddin and Ali Imam.

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commercial organisations to communicate to the authorities their criticisms and views on measures of public importance, and finally by the nomination and election of direct representatives of the people in Municipalities, District Boards, and above all in the Legislative Chambers of the country. This last element is, we understand, about to be dealt with by the Committee appointed by your Excellency with the view of giving it further extension, and it is with reference mainly to our claim to a fair share in such extended representation and some other matters of importance affecting the interests of our community, that we have ventured to approach your Excellency on the present occasion.

Past Traditions The Mahomedans of India number, according to the census taken in the year 1901, over sixty-two millions or between onefifth and one-fourth of the total population of His Majesty’s Indian dominions, and if a reduction be made for the uncivilised portions of the community enumerated under the heads of animist and other minor religions, as well as for those classes who are ordinarily classified as Hindus but properly speaking are not Hindus at all, the proportion of Mahomedans to the Hindu majority becomes much larger. We therefore desire to submit that under any system of representation extended or limited a community in itself more numerous than the entire population of any first class European power except Russia may justly lay claim to adequate recognition as an important factor in the State.

We venture, indeed, with your Excellency’s permission to go a step further, and urge that the position accorded to the Mahomedan community in any kind of representation, direct or indirect, and in all other ways affecting their status and influence should be commensurate, not merely with their numerical strength, but also with their political importance and the value of the contribution which they make to the defence of the empire, and we also hope that your Excellency will in this connection be pleased to give due consideration to the position which they occupied in India a little more than hundred years ago and of which the traditions have naturally not faded from their minds.

The Mahomedans of India have always placed implicit reliance on the sense of justice and love of fair dealing that have characterised their rulers, and have in consequence abstained from pressing their claims by methods that might prove at all embarrassing, but earnestly as we desire that the Mahomedans of India should not in the future depart from that excellent and time-honoured tradition, recent events have stirred up feelings, especially among the younger generation of Mahomedans, which might, in certain circumstances and under certain contingencies easily pass beyond the control of temperate counsel and sober guidance.

We therefore pray that the representations we herewith venture to submit, after a careful consideration of the views and wishes of a large number of our co-religionists in all parts of India, may be favoured with your Excellency’s earnest attention.

European representative institutions We hope your Excellency will pardon our stating at the outset that representative institutions of the European type are new to the Indian people; many of the most thoughtful members of our community in fact consider that the greatest care, forethought and caution will be necessary if they are to be successfully adapted to the social, religious and political conditions obtaining in India, and that in the absence of such care and caution their adoption is likely, among other evils, to place our national interests at the mercy of an unsympathetic majority. Since, however, our rulers have, in pursuance of the immemorial instincts and traditions, found it expedient to give these institutions an increasingly important place in the Government of the country, we Mahomedans, cannot any longer in justice to our own national interests hold aloof from participating in the conditions to which their policy has given rise. While, therefore, we are bound to acknowledge with gratitude that such representation as the Mahomedans of India have hitherto enjoyed has been due to a sense of justice and fairness on the part of your Excellency and your illustrious predecessor in office and the heads of Local Governments by whom the Mahomedan members of Legislative Chambers have almost without exception been

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nominated, we cannot help observing that the representation thus accorded to us has necessarily been inadequate to our requirements, and has not always carried with it the approval of those whom the nominees were selected to represent. This state of things was probably under existing circumstances unavoidable, for while on the one hand the number of nominations reserved to the Viceroy and Local Governments has necessarily been strictly limited, the selection on the other hand of really representative men, has, in the absence of any reliable method of ascertaining the direction of popular choice, been far from easy.

The Results of Election As for the results of election, it is most unlikely that the name of any Mahomedan candidate will ever be submitted for the approval of Government by the electoral bodies as now constituted unless he is in sympathy with the majority in all matters of importance. Nor can we in fairness find fault with the desire of our non-Muslim fellow-subjects to take full advantage of their strength and vote only for members of their own community, or for persons who, if not Hindus, are expected to vote with the Hindu majority on whose goodwill they would have to depend for their future re-election. It is true that we have many and important interests in common with our Hindu fellow-countrymen and it will always be a matter of the utmost satisfaction to us to see these interests safeguarded by the presence in our Legislative Chambers of able supporters of these interests, irrespective of their nationality. A DISTINCT COMMUNITY Still, it cannot be denied that we Mahomedans are a distinct community with additional interests of our own which are not shared by other communities, and these have hitherto suffered from the fact that they have not been adequately represented. Even in the provinces in which the Mahomedans constitute a distinct majority of the population, they have too often been treated as though they were inappreciably small political factors that might without unfairness be neglected. This has been the case, to some extent, in the Punjab, but in a more marked degree in Sind and in Eastern Bengal.

Before formulating our views with regard to the election of representatives, we beg to observe that the political importance of a community to a considerable extent gains strength or suffers detriment according to the position that the members of that community occupy in the service of the State. If, as is unfortunately the case with the Mahomedans, they are not adequately represented in this manner, they lose in the prestige and influence which are justly their due. Employment in Government Service We therefore pray that Government will be graciously pleased to provide that both in the gazetted and the subordinate and ministerial services of all Indian provinces a due proportion of Mahomedans shall always find place. Orders of like import have at times been issued by Local Governments in some provinces, but have not, unfortunately, in all cases been strictly observed on the ground that qualified Mahomedans were not forthcoming. This allegation, however well founded it may have been at one time, is, we submit, no longer tenable now, and wherever the will to employ them is not wanting the supply of qualified Mahomedans, we are happy to be able to assure your Excellency, is equal to the demand.

The Competitive Element Since, however, the number of qualified Mahomedans has increased, a tendency is unfortunately perceptible to reject them on the ground of relatively superior qualifications having to be given precedence. This introduces something like the competitive element in its worst form, and we may be permitted to draw your Excellency’s attention to the political significance of the monopoly of all official influence by one class. We may also point out in this connection that the efforts of Mahomedan educationists have from the very outset of the educational movement among them been strenuously directed towards the development of character, and this we venture to think is of greater importance than mere mental alertness in the making of good public servants.

Mahomedans on the Bench We venture to submit that the generality of Mahomedans in all parts of India feel aggrieved that Mahomedan Judges are

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not more frequently appointed to the High Courts and Chief Courts of Judicature. Since the creation of these Courts only three Mahomedan lawyers have held these honourable appointments, all of whom have fully justified their elevation to the Bench. At the present moment there is not a single Mahomedan Judge sitting on the Bench of any of these Courts, while there are three Hindu Judges in the Calcutta High Court, where the proportion of Mahomedans in the population is very large, and two in the Chief Court of the Punjab, where the Mahomedans form the majority of the population. It is not, therefore, an extravagant request on our part that a Mahomedan should be given a seat on the Bench of each of the High Courts and Chief Courts. Qualified Mahomedan lawyers eligible for these appointments can always be found, if not in one province then in another. We beg permission further to submit that the presence on the Bench of these Courts of a Judge learned in the Mahomedan Law will be a source of considerable strength to the administration of justice. Municipal Representation As Municipal and District Boards have to deal with important local interests affecting to a great extent the health, comfort, educational needs and even the religious concerns of the inhabitants, we shall, we hope, be pardoned if we solicit for a moment your Excellency’s attention to the position of Mahomedans thereon before passing to higher concerns. These institutions form, as it were, the initial rungs in the ladder of self-government, and it is here that the principle of representation is brought home intimately to the intelligence of the people, yet the position of Mahomedans on these Boards is not at present regulated by any guiding principle capable of general application, and practice varies in different localities. The Aligarh Municipality, for example, is divided into six wards and each ward returns one Hindu and one Mahomedan Commissioner, and the same principle we understand is adopted in a number of Municipalities in the Punjab and elsewhere, but in a good many places the Mahomedan tax-payers are not adequately represented. We would, therefore, respectfully suggest that the local authority should in every case be required to declare the

number of Hindus and Mahomedans entitled to seats on Municipal and District Boards, such proportion to be determined in accordance with the numerical strength, social status, local influence and special requirements of either community. Once their relative proportion is authoritatively determined, we would suggest that either community should be allowed severally to return their own representatives as is the practice in many towns in the Punjab.

Fellows of Universities We would also suggest that the Senates and Syndicates of Indian Universities might be similarly dealt with, that is to say, there should, so far as possible, be an authoritative declaration of the proportion in which Mahomedans are entitled to be represented in either body.

Nomination to Provincial Councils We now proceed to the consideration of the question of our representation in the Legislative Chambers of the country. Beginning with the Provincial Councils, we would most respectfully suggest that as in the case of Municipalities and District Boards the proportion of Mahomedan representatives entitled to seats should be determined and declared with due regard to the important considerations which we have ventured to point out in paragraph 5 of this address, and that the important Mahomedan landowners, lawyers, merchants and representatives of other important interests, the Mahomedan members of District Boards and Municipalities and the Mahomedan graduates of universities of a certain standing, say five years, should be formed into Electoral Colleges and be authorised, in accordance with such-rules of procedure as your Excellency’s Government may be pleased to prescribe in that behalf, to return the number of members that may be declared to be eligible.

The Viceroy’s Council With regard to the Imperial Legislative Council whereon the due representation of Mahomedan interests is a matter of vital importance, we crave leave to suggest (1) that in the cadre of the Council the proportion of Mahomedan representatives