9 सामाजिक विमा आणि भारत

FOREWORD*

Mr. M. R. IDGUNJI’s book on Social Insurance and India is a well planned treatise.

It is divided into two parts. Part-I is general and deals with two main topics (I) the two principal branches of social insurance, viz., (i) Workmen’s Compensation (ii) the different Financial aspects of Social insurance such as the Financial resources, the actuarial technique and financial administration. The discussion of the financial aspects of social insurance is aimed to explain the various problems connected with the financial resources required for the working of social insurance schemes, the various systems according to which the resources can be organised so as to have social insurance schemes working on sound lines and the problems of Administration connected with the financial side of social insurance.

Part-II deals with the problem of social insurance in relation to conditions prevalent in India. In this part the provision of the Indian Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923, and of sickness Insurance are subjected to critical examination. In addition to this, there is a discussion of the Beveridge plan of Social Security and of the scheme of social security adopted in New Zealand. The discussion ends by an exploration of the possibilities for social security measures in India. The author holds the view that sound social insurance measures are not feasible in India unless certain fundamental difficulties are removed, and the country makes a substantial advance economically and is rid of the stark poverty that prevails in it today. The reasons in support of the stand he has taken are set out clearly and fearlessly. Realizing that India is predominantly an agriculture country and that the agriculture

*SOCIAL INSURANCE AND INDIA BY Manohar R. Idgunji Thacker & Co. Ltd., Bombay First published, 1948

population sadly needs protection, the author has suggested a scheme of crop insurance based on the principles of social insurance. If indeed a scheme of crop insurance be evolved on the lines suggested by the author, it should go a long way in bettering the conditions of the rural masses in our country and lessening the terrors of famines.

Social insurance is a new thing in India. The Indian contribution to the literature on the subject is naturally meagre. In the circumstances, Mr. Idgunji’s book is sure to be welcomed by all students of the subject both as an addition to the scanty literature thereon and also as a critical examination of the problems arising out of it. His style is lucid and his exposition is very clear.

—B. R. AMBEDKAR

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

The books, reports and journals listed here include the works cited by the author in the Texts. BOOK 2 : The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India Austin : Jurisprudence, Vol. 1 (4th Ed.).

Bryce, James : The American Commonwealth; 1910.

Buchanan, Dr. Francis : Journey from Madras Vol. II.

Burke, Sir Edmund : Reflections on the Revolution in France. Calcutta Review, Vol. XVI, 1851.

Cowell, Herbert: The History of the Constitution of Courts and Legislative Authorities in India, Calcutta.

Dicey, A. V.: Law of the Constitution, (8th Ed.), 1915.

Fisher, H. A. L.: The Empire and the Future, 1916.

Frere Sir B.: Minutes Papers etc. on the extension of Financial Powers to Local Governments, 186C.

Ghose, N.: Comparative Administrative Law, 1918.

Halsbury : Laws of England.

Haughton, Benard : Bureaucratic Government.

Hearn : The Government of England.

Hendricks: Parliamentary Committee on trade, 1821.

Hunter W. W.: Life of Mayo, Vol. 1.

Kelkar N. C.: The case for Indian Home Rule.

Low, Sir Sidney : The Governance of England, 1914 Mansfield, Sir W. R.: Minutes—Papers etc. on the extension of financial Powers to Local Governments, 1967.

Martin M.: Eastern India, 3 Vols.

Raghuvaiyangar: Progress of the Madras Presidency, 1893.

Redlich J.: Parliamentary Proccedure.

Seligman, Prof. E. R. A.: Essays in Taxation, (8th Edition), 1913. Strachey Hon. John : The Adm. of the Earl of Mayo as Voceroy and Governor General of India; Govt. Printing Press, Calcutta, 1872.

Strachey, Col. R.: Note—in Finley’s History of Provincial Financial Arrangements, 1867. Sykes, Colonel: Past, Present and Prospective Financial Condition of British India, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. XXIII, 1859.

Temple, Sir Richard: Papers etc. on the extension of Financial Powers to Local Governments, 1867 Thornton : (Ed.)—Statistical papers relative to British India, 1953. Travelyan : System of transit and town duties in the Bengal Presidency. Venkatramaiah, Y.: Accountant’s Manual, Madras 1866.

Vineberg : Separation of State and Local Revenues in Canada. Webb, S.: Grants-in-aid, 1911.

West: Sir Charles Woods’ Administration.

Report of the Civil Finance Committee on Native Establishment at the three Presidencies, 1830. Report of the Royal Commission on Decentralisation in British India, 1909. Report of the Committee on the affairs of the East India Company, 1852. Report of the Committee on Indian Constitutional Reforms, 1918. Report of the Joint Select Committee on the Government of India Bill, 1919. Report of the Committee appointed by Secretary of State for India to advise on the question of the Financial Relations between the Central and Provincial Governments in India. Report and Evidence of the Committee on East India Produce, 1846. Royal Commission on Local Taxation in England, Vol. 1, Minutes of evidence, 1898. Second Report of the Joint Committee appointed to revise the rules made under the Government of India Act, 1920.

Report of Major General Hancock, on the reorganisation of the Indian Army.

Report of the Civil Finance Committee on Native Establishment at the three Presidences. House of Commons ; Return 33 of 1860, 307 of 1861, 326 of 1874, 202 of 1919. Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 1868.

Annual Financial Statements for the official years 1860-1 to 1873-4, Calcutta, 1873. Financial Statements of Government of India, 1879-80, 1902-03 Annual Finance and Revenue Accounts of Government of India Legislative Assembly Debates, Vol. III Madras Manual: Vol.1.

Civil Account Code.

Moral and Material Progress report for 1882-3.

Parliamentary Papers 1859 : Report of Major-General Hancock on the Reorganization of the Indian Army.

BOOK 3 : The Problem of the Rupee Andreades : History of the Bank of England.

Atkinson, F.: The Indian Currency Question, 1894.

Bagehot, Walter: Articles on the Depriciation of Silver, London, 1877. Barbour, Sir David : Standard of Value, 1912 Cannan, Prof. : Bullion Report-Money—Its connection with Rising and Falling Prices, 3rd ed. The Paper Pound of 1797, 1821.

Cassel: Money and Foreign Exchange after 1914, London 1922. Chalmers, Robert: History of Colonial Currency, 1893. Dalrymple A : Observations on the Copper Coinage wanted in Circars, London, 1794. Davenpart: The Economics of Enterprise, 1913.

Dodwell, H. : Substitution of Silver for Gold in South India ; India Journal of Economics, 1921. A Gold Currency for India, Economic Journal, 1911.

Report on the Enquiry into the Rise of Prices in India, 1914. Doraiswami, S. V.: Indian Currency, Madras, 1915.

Dunning, H. M. : Indian Currency, 1898 Falkner, R. P.: A Discussion of the Introgatories of the Monetary Commission of the Indianapolis Convention : University of Pennsylvania, 1898.

Fetter F. A. : The Gold Reserve : Its Function and its Maintenance, Political Science Quarterly, 1896.

Fisher, Prof. : Purchasing Power of Money, 1911.

Purchasing Power of Money, 1911 Elementary Principles of Economics, 1912.

Forbes, F. B. : The Bimetaliist, 1897.

Foxwell (Ed.): Investigations in Currency and finance, 1884. Bimetallism : Its Meaning and Aims The (Oxford) Economic Review, 1893.

Gibbs : A Colloquy on Currency, 1894.

Gregiory, T. E.: Foreign Exchanges.

Harris : An Essay upon Money and Coins.

Harrison, F. C.: The Past action of the Indian Government with regard to Gold; Economic Journal, Vol. III.

Harton, Dana : The Silver Pound, 1887 Hauft, Ottomar: Distribution of stock of Money in different countries, Effingham, Wilson and Co., London, 1892.

Hawtrey, R. G. : Credit and Currency, 1919 Huges-Hallett Col.: The Depreciation of the Rupee, London 1887. Jevons H. S. : Money and Mechanism of Exchange, 1890. Theory of Political Economy, 1911.

Future of Exchange and Indian Currency, 1922.

Jervis, Captain : Analytical Review of the Weights, Measures, and Coins of India, Bombay, 1836. Kaye (Ed.): Memorials of Indian Government, 1853.

Kelly, Dr. P.: The Universal Cambist, 1811.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kemmerer, E. W.: Modern Currency Reforms, 1916.

Seasonal Variations in the New York Money Market, American Economic Review, 1911.

Money—Its connection with Rising and Falling Prices, 3rd Ed. Keynes, Prof.: Indian Currency and Finance.

Recent Economic Events in India, Economic Journal, 1909. Kirkady : British War Finance, 1921.

Kitchin, Joseph : Review of Economic Statistics, 1921. Laughlin J. L.: History of Bimetallism, New York, 1886. Lexix, Prof. W.: The Present Monetary Situation, Economic Studies of the American Eco. Associate, 1896.

The Agio on Gold and International Trade, The Economic Journal, 1895. Liverpool Lord : Treatise on the coins of Realm, Reprint of 1880. London A. C. B.: How to meet the Financial Difficulties in India, London 1859. Madan : Indian Journal of Economics, Vol. III.

Marshall: Contenperary Review, 1887.

Remedies for Fluctnation of General Prices, Contemparory Review, 1887. Martin, R. M.: The Indian Empire, Vol. I, 1856.

Mayo : Price Movements and Individual welfare, Political Science Quarterly, 1900. Mitchell, W. C. : The Rationality of Economic Activity; Journal of Political Economy, Vol. XVIII, 1910. The Role of Money in Economic Theory : American Economic Review (Supplement), Vol. VI, 1916. Gold Prices and Wages under the Greenback Standard, 1908. Muller, John : Indian Tables, Calcutta, 1836.

Nicholson, Prof. : Money and Monetary Problem, 1895. Principles of Political Economy, 1897.

Paul, Kegan : Money and the Mechanism of Exchange, London, 1890. Pierson, Prof. : Principles of Economics.

Porter, G. R.: Progress of the Nation.

Princep, J.: Useful Tables, Calcutta, 1834.

Probyn, Mr.: Indian Coinage and Currency, Effingham Wilson, London, 1897. Ranade, M. G.: Essays on Indian Economics.

Ricardo David : High Price of Bullion.

Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency.

Ross, H. M. : The Triumph of the Standard, Calcutta, 1909. Ruding : Annals of Coinage 3rd Ed. Vol. 1.

Russell H. B.: International Monetary Conference, 1898. Seligman, E. R. A.: Currency Inflation and Public Debts, New York, 1922. Shirras : Indian Finance and Banking.

Shore, Sir John : A Treatise on the Coinage of the Realm. Smith, Col. J. T. : Silver and the India Exchanges, Effingham Wilson, London, 1876. Summner, Prof.: A History of American Currency, New York, 1874. Taussig, F. W.: Principles, 1918.

Temple, Sir Richard : General Monetary Practice in India, Journal of the Institute of Bankers. India in 1880.

Sir Charles Wood’s Administration of Indian Affairs. The Indian Statesman, 1884.

Venkateshwara, Prof. S. V. : Moghul Currency and Coinage, Indian Journal of Economics, 1918. Violet, Thomas : An Appeal to Caesar, London, 1660. Walker F. A. : The Free Coinage of Silver, The Journal of Political Economy, Chicago. Money in its relation to Trade.

Walsh, C. M. : Fundamental Problem in Monetary Science. Whitakar, A. C. : Foreign Exchange, Appleton, New York, 1920. Wieser, F. : Resumption of Specie payment in Austria-Hungary, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. I. Willis, H. P.: History of the Latin Monetary Union, Chicago, 1910. The Vienna Monetary Treaty of 1857, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. IV. Wilson, James : Capital Currency and Banking, 1847.

Report of the Famine Commission of 1880.

Report of the Royal Commission on Agricultural Depression in England, 1897. Report of the Royal Commission on Gold and Silver. Commons Paper C. 4868 of 1886, 495 of 1913, 449 of 1893. 44th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Document No. 703. Lords Paper 178 of 1876 ; 7 of 1894.

Report of the Select Committee on Depreciation of Silver, 1876. Report of the Gold and Silver Commission, 1886. Report of the Monetary Commission of the Indianapolis Convention, Chicago, 1898. Report of the Delegates of the United States, Cincimati to the International Monetary Conference, 1881.

Report of the Commission on International Exchange, House of Representative Document, Washington, 1903.

Report of the India Delegation to the International Monetary Conference, 1882. Report of the (First) of the Royal Commission on Gold and Silver, 1886. Senate Executive Documents, 45th Congress, Washington, 1879. Report of the American Delegates to the International Monetary Conference, Washington, 1893. Report of the Committee to enquire into Indian Currency, 1899. Report of the Chamberlain Commission.

Report of the Fowler Committee.

Report of the Price Inquiry Committee, Calcutta, 1914. Memorandum on Currency, by League of Nations, 1922. Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. IV.

Oriental Repertory, 2 Vols. London, 1808.

H. of C. Return, 127 of 1898, 254 of 1860, 31 of 1830,109 of 505 of 1864, 735 of 1931-32, 495 of 1913.

Report of the U. S. Silver Commission of 1876. Calcutta Review, 1892, 1878.

Bombay Quarterly Review, April 1857.

Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign—India, China and Australia, London, 1842.

Home Miscellaneous Series, Vol. 456, India Office Records. Report of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce, 1863-4. Papers relating to the Introduction of a Gold Currency in India, Calcutta, 1866. Hansard Parliamentary Debates LXXIV.

Report of the Royal Commission on Agricultural Depression in England, 1892 (400). Report of the Depreciation of Silver, 1876 (401). Report of the Directors of the Mint, Washington, 1893. Report of the India Currency Committee, 1893.

Report of the Public Service Commission, 1887. Report of the Civil Finance Commission, 1887.

Report of the Calcutta Civil Finance Committee, 1886. Supreme Legislative Council Proceedings LVII, Vol. L, LVI Report of the Price Inquiry Committee in 5 Vols ; 1914. East India—Accounts and Estimates, 1921.

Legislative Assembly Debates, 1921.

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1920. Report of the Deputy Master of the Royal Mint, 1921. Financial Statements 1900-1, 1908-9, 1910-1, 1894-5, 1898-9. Intrim Report of the Chamberlain Commission, 1913. Report by Campbell Holland and Miner.

Report of Smith Currency Committee of 1919.

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INDEX

Original Index of the Evolution of Provincial Finance and that of the Problem of the Rupee are printed along with the texts. Index of the remaining portion is given below.

BOOK 1 : Administration and Finance of the East India Company Abkaree: 20 Land Customs: 20 Abdul Fazal: 32 Land Tax : 29 Adam Smith: 32 Adams, Prof.: 25 Macbeth: 13 Adiscombe Academy : 13 Magna Charta: 47 Akbar: 32 Malcolms: 13 Albuquerques: 13 Marine Revenue: 22 Martin : 31 Ballootah : 21 Military Board: 26 Bentham : 32 Mills, J. S.: 32, 38, 39 Blacks tone : 32 Mint Revenue: 22 Board of Control Mrs. Stowe’s Legree : 39 Powers of: 9 Munro : 31 Briggs, Colonel: 29 Bright, John : 26, 44, 45 Busseys: 13 Palmerston, Lord : 39, 40 Percentage Ratio: 25 Clive, Lord: 13, 31 Pitt, William : 29 Conte: 39 Portuguese: 19 Cornwallis: 14 Public Works : 25, 27 Crimean War: 37 Derby, Lord : 39, 44, 46, 47 Disraeli, Benjamin : 39, 40 Ricardo David: 32 Dutt, R. C.: 29, 34, 45 Ryotwar System : 17, 18, 30 East India Company— Salt Tax: 19,20 Court of Directors of: 8 Sayer duties : 20, 21 Court of Proprietors of: 7, 38 Sea Customs : 20 Shakespeare: 13 Fullerton: 30 Spray, Dr.: 26 Stamp duties: 21 Gladstone: 46 Stanley : 46 Sullivan: 31 Haileburg College: 13 Hendricks : 27 Home Bond Debt: 35 Victoria, Queen : 47 House of commons : 19 Village Republics : 16 Indian Debt: 34, 35 West-Indian Slaves : 41 Indian Mutiny: 37 Wheel Tax : 20 Wingate:40, 41, 42 Jomini: 32 Judicial Fees : 21 Zamindari Settlement: 14

BOOK 4 : Miscellaneous Essays American War of Independence : 666 Gold Standard Reserve : 629, 630, 631, Austrian Crown : 671 634, 645, 646, 652 Gregory, Prof.: 645 Babington Smith Committee : 679 Harward Business Barometer: 644 Cannan, Prof. Edwin : 629, 643, 649, 652 Herschell Committee : 655 Convertibility : 638, 639, 640, 647, 657, 669, 684 Jevons, Prof. H.S.: 641, 642 Coyajee, Prof. : 650 Created Securities : 630 Kitchen, Joseph : 645 Dawkins, Clinton : 653, 654, 655 Law, Edward : 647, 652, 653, 654, 655 Paper Currency Reserve : 630 English Banking Act of 1894 : 650 Preston, Mr. : 662 European War: 671 Purchasing Power Parity : 673, 683 Purushottamdas Thakurdas : 655, 664 Fisher, Prof. : 632, 641, 642, 661, 664, 665, 684 Ricardo : 684 Fowler Committee : 630, 647, 651, 652, Rouble: 671 654, 655 Royal Commission on Indian Currency : Fowler Committee Report: 647, 652 634 Statistical Journal: 649 Genoa Conference : 666 Strakosch, Sir Henry : 666 German Imperial Bank : 650 Sydenham College, Bombay : 656 German Mark: 671 Gold Currency: 663 Warren, Sir Narcot: 651 Gold Exchange Standard : 629,630, 634, Westland, James : 653, 654 636, 650, 651, 684 Wilson, James : 644

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR WRITINGS AND SPEECHES PUBLISHED VOLUMES

Vol. 1 z Castes in India z Annihilation of Caste, Maharashtra as a Linguistic Province, Need for Checks and Balances z Thoughts on Linguistic States z Ranade, Gandhi and Jinnah, Evidence before the Southborough Committee, Federation versus Freedom z Communal Deadlock and a Way to solve It z States and Minorities z Small Holdings in India, Mr. Russell and the Reconstruction of Society Vol. 2 z In the Bombay Legislature z With the Simon Commission z At the Round Table Conferences Vol. 3 z Philosophy of Hinduism z India and Pre-Requisites of Communism z Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Ancient India z Buddha or Karl Marx z Schemes of Books Vol. 4 z Riddles in Hinduism Vol. 5 z Untouchables or the Children of India’s Ghetto and other Essays on Untouchables and Untouchability Social—Political—Religious

Vol. 6 z Administration and Finance of The East India Company, The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India, The Problem of the Rupee [History of Indian Currency and Banking, Vol. 1] Miscellaneous Essays. Vol. 7 Who were the Shudras ?

z How they came to be the Fourth Varna in the Indo-Aryan Society ? The Untouchables z Who were They and Why They Became Untouchables ? Vol. 8 z Reprint of Pakistan or the Partition of India Vol. 9 z What Congress and Gandhi have done to the Untouchables ? Mr. Gandhi and the Emancipation of the Untouchables Vol. 10 z Dr. Ambedkar as Member of the Governor-General’s Executive Council (1942-46)

Vol. 11 z The Buddha and his Dhamma Vol. 11– SUPPLEMENT z Pali and other Sources of the Buddha & his Dhamma with an Index Vol. 12 z Ancient Indian Commerce, The Untouchables and the Pax Britannica, Lectures on the English Constitution, The Notes on Acts and Laws; Waiting for a Visa, Other Miscellaneous Essays Vol. 13 Dr. AMBEDKAR z The Principal Architect of the Constitution of India

Vol. 14 Dr. Ambedkar and the Hindu Code Bill Part One z General Discussion on the Draft (17th November 1947 to 14th December 1950)

Part Two z Clause by Clause Discussion (5th February 1951 to 25th September 1951) Vol. 15 z Dr. Ambedkar as free India’s first Law Minister and Member of Opposition in Indian Parliament (1947 to 1956)

Vol. 16 z Dr. B. R. Ambedkars (I) The Pali Grammar (II) The Pali Dictionary (A) Pali into English (B) Pali into English, Marathi, Hindi and Gujarathi (III) Bouddha Pooja Path Vol. 17 Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and his Egalitarian Revolution Part One z Struggle for Human Rights Part Two z Socio-Political, Religious Activities Part Three z Speeches

(या पानावर मजकूर नाही — ते कोरे किंवा चित्राचे पान असू शकते.)

(या पानावर मजकूर नाही — ते कोरे किंवा चित्राचे पान असू शकते.)