Epilogue

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(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) IV IV V 7 404 2 Majjhima Nikaya, Mahasarapan Sutta.

IV IV VI 1 405 1 Sanyutta Nikaya (ii: 242). IV IV VI 2 406 5 Anguttara Nikaya, Chatukka Nipat.

IV IV VI 3 406 2 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibban Suttanta.

V I VI 2 416 18 Mahavagga I-56. V I VI 2 417 24 Ibid, I-76. V I VI 3 418 8 Samanphala Sutta. V I VI 4 418 3 Vinaya Pitaka. V I VI 8 420 3 Mahavagga. V I VI 8 421 6 Sutta Vibhanga. V II VI 1 425 2 Dhammapada 9(9). V II VI 1 425 3 Ibid, 10(10). V II VI 1 425 4 Ibid, 266(11). V II VI 1 425 5 Ibid, 267(12). V II VI 1 425 6 Ibid, 271-72(16-17). V II VI 1 425 7 Ibid, 363(4) V II VI 1 425 8 Ibid, 364(5). V II VI 1 425 9 Ibid, 365(6). V II VI 1 425 10 Ibid, 366(7). V II VI 1 426 11 Ibid, 367(8). V II VI 1 426 12 Ibid, 368(9). V II VI 1 426 13 Ibid, 369(10). V II VI 1 426 14 Ibid, 370(11). V II VI 1 426 15 Ibid, 371(12). V II VI 1 426 16 Ibid, 372(13). V II VI 1 426 17 Ibid, 373(14). V II VI 1 426 18 Ibid, 374(15). V II VI 1 426 20 Ibid, 379(20). V II VI 1 426 21 Ibid, 380(21). V II VI 1 426 22 Ibid, 31(11). V II VI 1 426 23 Ibid, 32(12). V II VI 1 427 24 Ibid, 296(7). V II VI 1 427 25 Ibid, 298(9). V II VI 1 427 26 Ibid, 297(8).

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V II VI 1 427 27 Dhammapada, 299(10). V II VI 1 427 28 Ibid, 300(11). V II VI 1 427 29 Ibid, 301(12). V II VI 1 427 30 Ibid, 302(13). V II VI 1 427 31 Ibid, 303(14). V II II 2 427 2 Digha Nikaya; Udambaric Sinhanad Sutta (iii: 56 :

7).

V II III 1 439 7 Sanyutta Nikaya 4 : 14 : Mahavagga-1.

V II III 1 440 12 Dhammapada 354(21). V II III 1 440 13 Ibid, 356(23). V II III 1 440 14 Ibid, 357(24). V II III 1 440 15 Ibid, 358(25). V II III 1 440 16 Ibid, 359(26). V II III 2 441 3 Digha Nikaya, Pathik Sutta (iii-34:5).

V II III 3 443 1 Digha Nikaya, Brahmajal Sutta.

V II III 4 447 2 Sanyutta Nikaya 1:11: 94. V II IV 3 452 3 Monier Williams p. 9. V II IV 3 452 13 Sanyutta Nikaya, Dhammik Sutta.

V II V 2 460 1 Digha Nikaya, Sigalovad Sutta iii: 181.

V II V 2 462 16 Ibid, p. 161.

V II V 2 463 22 Ibid, p. 161.

V II V 3 464 1 Ibid, p. 162.

V II V 4 464 1 Ibid, p. 163.

V II V 5 464 1 Ibid, p. 163.

V II V 6 465 1 Ibid, p. 164(e). V II V 8 466 1 Anguttara Nikaya, Uggah Sutta.

VI II I 1 474 12 Vinaya Pitak, Mahavagga. VI II I 2 474 1 Vinaya Pitak (11: 6 : 4). VI II I 2 475 11 Ibid, Cullavagga. VI II I 3 476 6 Digha Nikaya attakatha, Samanjaphala Sutta.

VI II I 4 478 23 Digha Nikay, Mahaparinibban Suttanta (III-16-78)

VI II I 5 479 2 Dhammapad Attakatha and Manorathapurani, Mahavagga.

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VI I 5 482 24 Mahavagga, Vinaya Pitaka. VI II 1 485 1 Anguttara Nikaya.

VI II 2 488 13 Kasi Bharadvaj Sutta of Sutta Nipat.

VI II 3 489 7 Dhammapada atthakatha. VI II 5 492 20 Sanyutta Nikaya 1:4:8 . Attakatha. VI II 6 494 20 Cullavagga, Sangha-bhedakkhanda 7. VI II 7(1) 496 14 Viman-vatthu or Viman Vatthu attakatha.

VI II 7(ii) 501 46 Anguttara Nikaya 5:4:5:2. VI III 4(i) 511 23 Majjhima Nikaya, Alagaddupama Sutta I: II: 22 :167.

VI IV 1 519 17 Sanyutta Nikaya.

VI IV 2 521 28 Dhammapada Atthakatha. VI IV 3 524 30 Majjhima Nikaya 3:4: 7. VI IV 4 524 1 Ibid, 4:45.

VI IV 5 526 1 Majjhima Nikaya, Sela Sutta; II: V : 92 : 332.

VI IV 6 528 7 Majjhima Nikaya.

VII I 1 533 1 Buddhavamsa.

VII I 2 534 15 Anguttara Nikay, Tik Nipat. VII I 3 535 8 Therigatha & Theragatha atthakatha. VII I 4 536 14 Majjhima Nikaya, Rahulovada Sutta II: II: 62 : 91.

VII I 5 536 1 Samyutta Nikaya 45 : 2 : 3 also Samyutta Nikaya atthakatha.

VII I 5 538 16 Majjhima Nikaya, Salekha Sutta I:I:8:51.

VII II 1 541 2 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibbana Suttanta III: 16 : 78.

VII II 2 542 1 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibbana Sutta III: 16 : 78.

VII II 3 543 1 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibbana Sutta III: 16 : 78.

VII II 3 544 6 Udana VIII:5.

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VII II 3 544 11 Digha Nikaya, III-138. VII III 1 547 1 Majjhima Nikaya, Saugama Sutta II : I:104 : 29.

VII III 2 548 1 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibbana Suttanta; III:16:78.

VII III 3 551 2 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibbana Suttanta; III: 16 : 78.

VII III 4 553 4 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibbana Suttanta; III:16:78.

VII III 4 555 20 Vatthugatha.

VII III 4 556 30 Dhammapada Brahman Vagga. VII III 5 556 1 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibbana Suttanta; III: 16 : 78.

VII III 6 557 1 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibbana Suttanta; III: 16 : 78.

VII III 7 558 1 Digha Nikaya, Mahaparinibbana Suttanta; III: 16 : 78.

VII III 8 560 2 Samyutta Nikaya, 54 : 1-6. VIII I 1 567 3 Buddhacharita 8-53. VIII I 1 567 4 Ibid, 10-8.

VIII I 1 567 5 Ibid, 10-3.

VIII I 1 567 6 Ibid, 10-4.

VIII I 1 567 7 Ibid, 10-5.

VIII I 1 567 10 Lotus III-21 (Kern) and FausballParayam Sutta. VIII I 1 567 11 Theragatha CCXLII. VIII I 1 567 12-16 Hopkin’s Religions of India, p. 325-26, quoted by K. J.

Saunders p. 83.

VIII I 1 569 7 Majjhima Nikaya, Sallekha, Sutta, I:I:8: 51.

VIII III 3 569 5 Majjhima Nikaya, Mahasakuldai Sutta.

VIII II 1 573 3 Khuddaka Path, Karaniya Metta Sutta.

VIII II 2(i) 574 1 Udan 8 : 8, Vishakha Sutta. VIII I 1 574 3 Buddhacharita Sarga 8 Shloka 53.

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VIII I 1 574 4 Buddhacharita, Sarga 10 Shloka 8. VIII I 1 574 6 Ibid, Sarga 10 Shloka 8. VIII II 2(ii) 575 1 Therigatha-Apadan. VIII II 3 576 1 Vinaya Pitaka, Mahavagga (viii: 26).

VIII II 3(ii) 577 1 Samyutta Nikaya (iii-120). VIII II 3(iii) 577 1 Ibid, (iii-1). VIII II 3(iv) 579 1 Samyutta Nikaya, Nakulapita Sutta (v-408).

VIII II 4 581 1 Sutta Nipat Atthakatha. VIII II 5 583 6 Majjhima Nikaya, Dakkshina Vibhang Sutta 3 : 4 :142 : 300.

VIII II 5 584 11 Vinaya Pitaka, Mahavagga. VIII III 1 587 1 Anguttara Nikaya. VIII III 2 588 1 Majjhima Nikaya 16, Ananja Sappaya Sutta II: I: 106 : 46.

VIII III 4 590 1 Anguttara Nikaya, Ekak Nipat.

NOTES PAGE VERSE

Note No. (1) 5 1-26 Full story is adapted from Lalit Vistara and not from Nalaka Sutta of Sutta-Nipata as mentioned by Ven. Anand Kausalyayana. In Nalaka sutta, Asita goes alone to the abode of Suddhodana and makes prophecy. On return, he awakes his nephew Nalaka. In Lalita Vistara, Asita visits Suddhodana with his nephew Naradatta. There are other differences also between the Nalaka Sutta and Lalit Vistara.

Note No. (2) 7 14 Note the rightwise circuit by Asita around the child Siddharth, twice in this chapter. Asita’s magical powers and mention of Vedas and Mantras has been omited by Dr. Ambedkar.

Asita is mentioned as Kala Deval in Pali Nidan Katha. Asita also means A-Shvetanot white means black. Note No. (3) 9 1 Chapter in Lalita Vistara ‘Taking to the Temple’ is used here. Temple of Goddess Abhaya is mentioned in Mahavastu. Lalit Vistara 134(117); Mahavastu ii-26. As mentioned by Thomas, Van den Bergh Ven Eyesinga consideres this story as the origin of Baptism (The Life of Buddha, p. 46 fn.).

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Note No. (4) 9 6 Account of Siddhartha’s early education and childhood is detailed in Lalit Vistara. Sabbamitta is Vishvamitra. (Lalit Vistara) Oldenberg says that learning the Vedas was never considered important among the Sakyan nobles. They paid more attention to martial exercise than to knowledge of Veda. (Saunders K. J., p. 16).

Note No. (5) 13 1 Buddhavamsa (XXVI 15) states, ‘Bhaddakacca’ by name was his wife. In Mahavamsa She is named ‘Bhaddakancana’. She is mentioned as having ‘Abhidna’ power. Anand Kausalyayana’s note in Hindi version is based on Mahavamsa. Jataka commentary refers her as Rahulmata, Bimba and Bimbasundari. Mahavastu and Buddhacharita mention her by name Yashodhara and Lalit Vistara as Yashovati in poem and Gopa in prose. In Chinese biography she is addressed as Mandhara, Manohara, Gotami and Rahulmata. Alexander Psoma, Scholar on Tibetan Buddhism gives Utpalvarna and Mrugaja as additional names. Note No. (6) 45 4 Account of Siddhartha’s halt at the hermitage of Saki, Padma and Raivata is mentioned in Lalita Vistara. Note No. (7) 55 13 Mahavastu mentions that Bimbisar receives promise from Gautama that he would visit his palace again before leaving. Note No. (8) 63 11 According to Schmidt, Gautama learnt older form of Sankhya (E.J. Thomas, p. 228).

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Note No. (9) 68 14 Lalit Vistara gives a story of 9 girls beside Sujata who provided food to Gotama during his austerities. This story has been adapted by Dharmanand Kosambi also in his play Bodhisatta. Note No. (10) 73 3 Anguttara iii: 240 and Mahavastu ii: 136 describe 5 dreams in detail as under:— (1) The world appeared as Couch and Himalaya as pillow. His left hand was plunged in the eastern ocean, right in the western and feet in the southern. This meant complete enlightenment attained by the Tathagata.

(2) A plant called tiriya came from his hand, rose and touched the sky (3) White worms with black heads crept up as far as his knees and covered them. These were white robed house-holders who came to the Tathagata as a refuge.

(4) Four birds of different colours came from the four quarters, and falling at his feet entirely became white. They represented four varnas (castes) who leaving a household life for the doctrine taught by the Tathagata, realise the highest release.

(5) He was walking on a mountain of dung without being defiled by it. This was the Tathagata, who receives the requisites but enjoys them without attached to them (Thomas, p. 71).

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Jataka-attakatha mentions, Gautama had five dreams on the previous night of the day on which he partook food from Sujata, because the day of partaking food was Vaisakh Purnima day, the day on which he later attained enlightenment. Note No. (11) 73 4 Anguttara Nikaya iii: 240, Maha-vamsa, Jatakanidan-attakatha states, the bowl of food offered by Sujata at last sank near the abode of Kala, a Naga king and stayed with similar bowls of previous Buddhas at the lowest of them. In Khadawal Jataka, Kala, the king of Nagas is said to have stood before the Tathagata before his contest with Mara. Jataka-nidan attakatha, Ang. iii. 240. Mahavastu ii 281 (For chronological events of this chapter, see Thomas, p. 71). Mara first came to Gautama while he was practising austerities on the bank of Nairanjana River. He appeared again before the start of meditation; Padhan Sutta of Sutta-nipata 425-449. Lal.327(261). The Lal. Vist. gives detail account of Mara’s war with Gautama.

Note No. (12) 73 7 Enlightenment Siddhartha attained enlightenment at the age of 36 years. (Vinaya Texts 1.73). First week meditation was under Bodhi tree (Banyan tree).

Second week meditation was under Nyagrodh tree-(Samyutta Nikaya 1-124).

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Third week meditation under Muchalind tree where the Naga king Muchalind protects him with his hood.

In the Fourth week he meditates under Rajayatan tree (Mahavagga 11) also called Ajapal tree.

(Ariyapariyesana Sutta, Jataka attakatha). About the night on which Gautama attained Enlightenment, Sir Monier Williams writes, ‘In the first night watch, he gained knowledge of all previous births, in the 2nd present states of beings, in the 3rd chain of cause and effect and in the 4th he knew all things.

Note No. (13) 75 76 5-6 These questions were quoted from Majjhim by Louis de la Vallee Poussin in Hibbert lectures under the title ‘The way to Nirvana’. Dr. Ambedkar in his introduction to the book claims that the Buddha did not preach four Aryan truths. He raised only two questions. In this chapter he presents these questions. Mr. K. J. Saunders in his ‘Gotama Buddha’ (a biography based on the canonical books of the Theravadins) writes, “The early Books certainly make it clear that it was only within certain welldefined limits that he indulged in metaphysical explanation.” One thing only do I teach, O monks, sorrow and the uprooting of sorrow”: that is surely an authentic word of the teacher, which defines the limits of his purpose and is the central thing in his ethics.”

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Note No. (14) 113 1 Note Brahma Sahampati’s rightwise circuit around the Buddha.

Note No. (15) 119 5 One of the five ascetics who blamed Gautama for abondoning austerities was Upaka by name according to Saunders (p. 33) (Thomas p. 83).

In Majjhima Nikaya, the whole story of his welcome by five parivrajakas is in the first person, whereas, in this book it is in the third person.

Note No. (16) 138 17 Muchalinda, a Naga King of the Mandakini lake near Gaya had shielded Buddha after enlightenment and protected him from the storm.-Buddhist Records of the Western World, vol. I p. LXIII, Vol. 2, p. 19 (Hardy’s mannual of Buddhism p. 136).

Note No. (17) 555 29 The date of Buddha’s death as given in Pali canon is full moon day of Vaishakha, which is also the traditional date of the birth and of the enlightenment of the Lord Buddha. Hiuen Tsiang also gives this date as the general tradition but also mentions that the Sarvastivadins observed the day of Buddha’s death as on Kartika Shuddha Ashtami i.e. a week before full moon in the month. Mr. Fleet has tried to establish this day as historical which according to him fell on 13th October 483 B.C. (E. J. Thomas; Life of Buddha as Legend and History) Dr. Ambedkar embraced Buddhism on 14th October 1956 probably accepting Mr. Fleets conclusion that the Buddha’s death completed 2500 years on 13th October 56. He however mentions in this treatise Vaishakha Purnima as Buddha’s day of death.

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A Abbana Karma: 420 Abhaya (Raj Kumar): 152 Abhimukhi: 77 Abhya (Village Goddess): 9 Abudde: 340 Acala (stage of Bodhisatta): 77 Achar Dhamma: 295 Achetan: 86 Achiravati river: 251, 399, 480 Adar Kalam: 10, 61, 65, 119, 512 Addhariya Brahmins : 252 Adhamma : 226, 249, 256, 259, 264, 269, 270, 272, 275, 497, 499, 500. —Discussed: 249-78;

—Belief in supernatural-249-50; belief in God; belief in Union with Brahma-256-58;

—Belief in soul-259-64; belief in sacrifices-264-69; belief in speculations-269-71; belief in infallibility of books-275-78; reading books of Dhamma without having Sila is-272-75.

Aditthana: 127, 128 Aditya: 2 Aggika, the Brahmin: 306-7 Aghamarsana: 81 Agni: 81 Agnihotra: 139 Agnihotris: 137, 139 Ahalya (wife of Saint Gautama): 20 Ahimsa: 225, 506-9 —Critics of: 506-8 —Different interpretations of: 345 —In Buddhism : 345-47 —True meaning of: 346-47 Ahimsa Peramo Dharma : 346 Ahoshi Kamma: 244 Ajatshatru: 153, 405-8, 493-94, 559 —invades Kasi: 408-9 Ajit Kesakambal: 97, 99, 550, 570 Akash: 330 Akriyawada: 97 Akshmala: 20 Akusal Kamma : 127, 243-44 Alagaddupamma Sutta: 329, 350 Alavaka, a Yakkha : 581-83 Alavi (town): 581 Allakapa : 1 Almsmen : 389, 392, 395, 401 Amagandha, a Brahmin : 401-3 Amagandha, characterstics of: 402 Ambalathika town ; 535. 541 Ambarish : 175 Ambasanda : 533 Ambavana of Jeevaka: 476 Ambrosia: 186 Amita (d/o Sinahu): 2, 9 Amitodana : 2 Amrapali: 476-78—gift from : 476-78 Amrapalivana : 476-78 An-atta (No soul): 76, 259, 262, 597 Ananda (Son of Amitodan): 7, 170, 19499, 216, 239, 403, 407-8, 476, 525, 541-44, 547-57, 576, 584, 588-91. Anapanasati: 64 Anarchy: 317 Anathapindaka : 146-49,459, 47475,492,587 —Gift of: 474-75 —Pleasance of: 155, 196, 237, 320, 330, 333, 378, 395, 453, 527, 561, 587. Anga Country: 1, 519, 533, 570 Anga Desa: 533 Angirasa sage : 497 Angulimala, the robber: 204-7, 568 Anguttara Nikay: 292, 451 Anicca :: 76, 597 Anila, a Sage : 81, 82 Anjana (Father of Mahamaya): 2 Annhilism: 97 Annihilationist: 98 Anoma (river): 34 Antarvastra: 418 Anuman Praman (Inference): 84, 256 Anupiya (town): 318, 440, 533 Anuruddha: 168, 169, 170, 555 Apa: 98, 262, 330 Apanath (Town): 526-27, 533 Apavitra: 323 Aporapariya Vedaniya Kamma: 244 INDEX

INDEX

Appana (town): 533 Arcishmati (inteligence of fire): 76 Arhant: 139, 518, 527 Arhatas: 272, 273 Arittha Bhikku: 513 Ariyan Eight Fold Path : 550 Ariyan Method: 293 Asanga, the Buddhist Philosopher: 240 Asavas : 220, 232, 293, 581 Ascetic : 427-32 —blemishes of: 429-32 Ashes of Buddha : 558-59 —division of: 559 Ashtanga Marga (Eight-fold Path): 77, 123,129,139,254, 283, 393, 395, 45253, 550 —Explained: 218-20, 238, 285 Ashvajit, a Parivrajaka: 56 Asita: 5-8, 15 Asmaka: 1 Asoka tree: 18 Assaji: 141-142 Assalayan : 302, 303 —converted : 303 Assalayan Sutta : 302 Assapura (town): 533 Atman (Atma-Soul): 92, 93, 98, 103, 256-59 Attakappa (town): 559 Atthaka sage: 497 Autathya, the husband of Mamata : 20 Avanti: 1 Avatar Theory: 78 Avijja (Avidyat) study of nescience): 77, 92, 124, 130 Avyakta: 85 B Bactria: 348 Banyan tree (Bodhi): 68, 73, 76, 121 Beluna: town 542 Benaras : 235-37, 398, 555 Bhadda Kaccana: 196 Bhaddiya (in Jatiya wood): 466 Bhaddiya, a Lichhavi :. 485 Bhaddiya, a Sakyan Raja : 169, 170 Bhadia, the city: 519 Bhadia, the Lichhavi: 485-86 Bhaduka, a Parivrajaka : 56 Bhagga Country : 524 Bhaggas: 1 Bhaggavas, the wanderer: 318, 441-42 Bhaggi: 578 Bhagu: 170 Bhanakas: 350 Bhandagam: 542 Bharadvaja (disciple of Adar Kalam, of Kapilvastu): 9, 32-34.

Bharadvaja (s/o Brihaspati): 20, 497 Bharadvaja, a Brahmin of Manaskatha 251, 252, 256-58.

Bharadvaja, a Brahmin of Rajagraha: 517-18. Bheehuvargiya Brahmins: 252 Bhesakala grove : 524, 526, 578 Bhesika, the Barber: 233 Bhikku and Upasaka compared: 114 Bhikku(s): 149, 154, 275, 364 —and ascetic : 428-32 —and Brahmin : 432-33 —conception of: 425-27 —confession of: 419-20 —and the laity: 114, 434-35, 451-55 —conduct rules for: 419 —as missionaries : 439 —duties to convert: 439-47 —function of: 447 —offences of: 418-21 —to spread Dhamma : 447 —vows of; 417-18 Bhikkuni Sangha : 200, 416, 417, 421 Bhikkunis: 196, 273, 479-80 Bhoga-Nagara: 542 Bhrigu: 61, 62, 63, 65 Bijaka Niyam : 242 Bimbisara, the King of Magadha : 2, 46, 47, 49, 56, 144-45, 152-53, 206, 473, 474, 476, 507, 519, 541.

Bodhi (Prince): 524-26 Bodhisatta: 76, 232-33 —how he became Buddha : 76-78 Bolton, Rev. Leslie : 597 Brahma (Deity): 6, 81, 209-10, 250, 302, 400, 518.

Brahma Sahampati: 111-13 Brahma the Great: 167, 250, 252, 253-59, 269-71, 497-98, 501, 580.

Brahma world: 580 Brahma’s Heaven: 112, 179, 209, 210 Brahmachari (s): 291 Brahmacharya: 88, 416 Brahmadatta (disciple of Suppiya): 444 Brahman (Upanishadic): 92, 93, 256 Brahmanaspati: 81 Brahmin(s): 3, 87-90, 195, 257, 287, 301, 306 Brahminic Nibbana : 233-34

INDEX

Brahminic Philosophy: 87-89, 97, 121, 257-58, 264-68, 272, 275-78,287, 29093, 302, 337, 346-49, 494-501. Buddha Gautama :

—discards Vedas : 83; -accepts Kapila’s theory partly: 85-86; -opposed to Brahminism : 89-91; -rejects Upanishadic philosophy : 93; -contemporary thinkers of: 97-99; meets Brahma Sahampati: 113; -First Sermon by: 120-30; response of Parivrajakas to : 131-32;-meets Shuddhodana : 163-65; meets Yashodhara : 165-68; -reception by Sakyas : 168-71; -reply to priest: 172-73; disciples of: 427; -argues with Minister of Shuddhodana: 17376; -receives gift of Veluvana : 475; -not annihilationist : 329; 332; to Niganthas : 342-43;

—Conversion compaign by: of Criminals : Angulimala: 204-7; others: 203-10; of Low and lowly- Upali : 185; Sunita: 185-86; Sopaka: 186-87; Suppiya : 187; Sumangala : 188; Suprabuddha : 189-90; of Rich and Royal: Yashas : 135-37; Kashyapas : 137-41; Sariputta and Moggallana: 141-43; Bimbisara : 144-46; Anathpindaka : 146-49; King Pasenjit: 149-52; Jeevaka: 152; Ratthapala: 153-60; Rustic Brahmins: 179-81; Brahmins of Uttaravati: 181-82; of women: Mahaprajapati Gautami: 193-95; Yashodhara : 196; Prakrati : 196-200;

—His place in His Dhamma : 215-16; -as Marga Data: 218-21; does not claim divinity : 221; Compared with founders of world religions: 215; -Classified Dhamma : 226; Discusses Not-Dhamma: 249-78; explains Dhamma : 229-45; -explains Nibbana : 233-38; On various concepts e.g.: -on craving and Anitya: 239-40; -on moral order: 244-45;

—On Saddhamma: 281-309; -On Universal learning: 287-91; -Pradnya explained: 291-94; -emphasis o Sila, Karma and Maitri: 295-300; -Opposed to inequality: 306; -On Chatur-varnya: 306-9;

—Sermons to : Householder: 375; -Husband and Wife : 370-77; -On character : 378-84; On righteousness : 385-94; -On Nibbana : 395-97; -On Dhamma : 398-404; -On socio-political questions :

405-10; -On war: 408-9; -His conception of a Bhikku : 425-35; -On duties of Bhikku : 439-47;

—On supernatural beings: 249; -on God: 250-55; -On Brahma: 255-58; -On soul: 259-64; -On sacrifice in Yajna: 264-69; On infallibility of books: 275-78; -On rebirth: 329-36; -On Karma : 337-43; -On Ahimsa : 345-47; -On transmigration of soul: 348-49; -On having birth of daughter : 376;

—Benefactors of: 473-82;-Enemies of: 485-501; -critics of: 505-13; Friends of: 517-28;

—Last meetings with : Mahaprajapati: 535; -Yashodhara: 535; -Rahul: 535-36; -Sariputta: 537; -Leaves Vaishali : 541; -Halt at Pava : 542-43; -Reaches Kushinara : 544; -appoints no successor: 547-48; -Last conversion by: 549-51; -Last words of: 551-52; -Mahaparinibban of: 555-56.

Buddha’s words —test of: 350-51 Buddhas of old : 165 Buddhism : 329, 343 —different views of: 225-26 —not pessimistic: 512 —is rationalism : 250 —Omission in : 451 —criticism of: 452 Buddhist Literature : 350 Buddhist Way of Life : 355-73 —on good and evil: 355-56; -craving: 357; lust and illwill: 358; Enmity : 359; man and mind: 354-61; self-conquest; 361-62; -Justice : 363-66; thought-fullness : 366-67; -vigilance : 367-68; -Sorrows and happiness: 368-69; -Hypocrisy: 369-70;-on following right way : 371 C Cannibal of Atavi: 568 Causality: 84 Causation, law of: 588 Cessation of: 588, 589 Ceylon : 345 Champa (City): 555

INDEX

Chandal Kuppa: 533 Chandalika: 199 Channa: 14, 32-36, 38-40, 42, 188, 552 —accompanies Siddhartha : 33-34 Chaturvarna: 87, 89, 90-91, 103, 303 —based on birth : 306 Chaturyam Samvarvad: 98 Chedi: 1 Chetana (Conciousness): 262 Chincha, A Brahmini Parivrajika: 490-92 Christ, Jesus : 215, 221-22 Christianity : 215 Chunda, Blacksmith of Pava: 542-43,54748, 555 Cittalata Grove : 4 Class struggle: 239 Conversion as Upasaka : 114 Conversion not by force : 444-43 Conversion not by miracles : 441-43 Conversion to Sangha : 114 Craving: 239, 357 Cuckoo : 18 Cula-Dukkha-Khanda-Sutta: 342 Cunda: 261, 286 D Dabb a Grass: 267 Dakkhina girl: 486 Dana: 127,130 Dandapani Sakya : 13, 14 Darkie : 298-99 Deer Park (Mruga vana of Isipattana): 398, 119 Deva (s): 269, 297, 381, 459, 478, 513 Deva Kings: 580 Devadaha Sutta: 244, 284, 343 Devadaha village : 2, 4, 533 Devadatta (Son of Amita): 9, 12, 13, 170, 346, 405, 492-94. attempts on Buddha’s life : 493-94 Dhaga, a Brahmin: 3 Dhamma Chakra Pravartana Sutta: (1st sermon on Dhamma) 120-30 Dhamma: 547, 548, 578 —differs from religion: 316-17 —false and true : 371-72 —is morality : 325 —Path of purity : 121 —should promote maitri: 295 —three perfections in life : 232 —to be saddhamma :

—What is it: 121, 229-45, 287, 297 —to maintain purity of life : 229-32; to reach perfection in life: 232-33; -to live in Nibban: 233-38; to give up craving: 239; belief in law of change : 240-41; belief in moral order : 242-45; —and religion compared: 315-25; purpose of: 318-22; -and morality: 322. Dhamma Sangiti (first congregation): 216 Dhammapada : 238 Dhammika, the Upasaka: 391, 453 Dhananjani, a Brahmin : 389-91 Dhananjani, a Brahmini, wife of Bharadvaja: 517-19.

Dhananjaya, father of Vishakha : 519-20 Dhanniya: 188 Dharmamegha : 77 Dhotodana: 2 Dhyana (ecstacy) : 331 Dhyan Marg : 64, 65 Dictatorship: 317 Dirghatamas: 81, 82 Ditthadamma Vedaniya Kamma : 244 Divine dispensation : 242 Dona, a Brahmin ; 380, 381, 496-501 Drona, a Brahmin : 559 Drumakesha: 175 Dukkata offence : 508 Dukkha : 86, 98, 510 —Buddha’s Conception of: 510-11 —Kapila’s conception of: 510 —Marxist conception of: 512 —removal of: 512 Durangama : 77 E Earnestness : 367-68 Eight chief rules for women : 195-96 Eight fold Path (see Ashtanga Marg) Eka-Nala Village: 486 Electric field: 263 Elements (four-earth, water, fire and air): 240 Equality : 226, 302, 308, 325 Esoterism: 225 Esukari Brahmin :

—in defence of caste : 304-05 Eternalist: 329 Etuma: 533

INDEX

F Faith : 582 Fetters (Five): 426 Five parivrajakas: see Panchvargiya Bhikkus Foes :

—kinds of: 462 Fraternity: 226, 325 Friends:

—kinds of: 463 G Gable roofed hall of Vesali: 485 Gagga (Father of Angulimala): 206 Gandhabba: 381 Gandhakuti uihara: 489, 491, 536-37 Gandhar: 296 Ganges : 45, 181, 297, 334 Gatha (mere reading is not Dhamma): 272-74 Gautam (Saint): 20 Gautama Siddharth-see Siddharth Gautama Gavampati (Friend of Yashas): 136 Gaya Kassyapa : 137, 140 Gaya, a town (Bodh): 65, 73, 121, 234 German Buddhist Association : 345 Ghana: 340 Ghoshitram : 526, 533 Ghritaki nymph: 16 Giribhaja i.e. Rajagraha: 488 Gita: 222 God: 244 —as creater: 250 —Brahma: 250, 254 —Prajapati: 250 Goddard, Prof. Dwight: 597 Graded inequality: 91 Gridhrakuta peak (Vulture’s peak) —mountain : 179, 406, 407, 427, 493, 541.

Grihastashram : 88 Gunas : 86 H Hatthigam: 542 Himalayas : 3, 5, 401 Himavat: 16, 176 Himsa : 509 Hinduism: 337, 343 Hiranyagarbha, a sage: 81, 82 Hiranyavati river: 544 Hypocracy : 369-70 I Iccha Naukal (town): 533 Ideal Society :

—what is it ? : 301 —for Brahmins: 301 Impermanance : (see also Anicca) —Doctrine of: 240 Indra (Purandara): 19, 49, 50, 81, 400 Indra’s Peak: 340 Inequality : Doctrine of: 302 Isana : 81, 400 Ishvara: 147, 250 Isidatta: 560 Isipatana: 119, 135, 398 Islam: 215 J Jackson R. J.: 595 Jainism : 284, 347 Jains : 391 —Buddha’s dialogue with : 342-43 Jambudvipa: 5 Jataka : 78 Jatilas: 137-38, 143-44, 473, 488 Jatiya wood : 466 Jayasena : 2 Jeevaka Sutta : 350 Jeevaka, the physician : 152-53, 584 —gift from : 476 —becomes Bhikkhu : 153 Jehovah, the God: 222 Jeta : 474-75 Jetavana: (Arama) 149, 155, 182, 196, 198, 204, 237, 306, 320, 330, 378, 383, 395,396,401,453,47475,489,490,513, 521, 527, 536, 561, 587.

INDEX

Jiva (life): 271 Justice : 225, 363-66 K Kaccana, Sinahu’s wife : 2 Kaitrartha forest: 20 Kakuttha river: 544 Kala, a Naga King : 73 Kalala: 340 Kalamas: 276-78 Kali (Varuna’s grand daughter): 20 Kalingas : 1 Kaludayin (son of a courtier): 163 Kama: 33 Kambhoj country : 1, 303 Kamm-Vibhanga-sutra : 353 Kamma (Karma): 111 —Brahminic laws of: 89, 90, 91, 97, 103, 104, 242, 243 —Buddhist law of: 243-45, 250, 337-44 —Hindu law of: 337-38 Kammaniyam : 242-45 Kammassaddhamma (town): 533, 588 Kammavaca : 508 Kammavipaka : 243 Kanchoka Brahmins: 252 Kannakatthala Sutta : 350 Kanthak : 32, 33, 35, 38-42 Kapila, a rationalist: 2, 83-87, 512 —on Dukkha : 86, 510 Kapilavastu : 1, 2, 5,10, 22, 32, 34, 37, 38, 39, 45, 56, 57,163-64,171,176, 188, 216, 533, 559, 579, 583.

Kapinglada (Akshamala’s son): 20 Kappata-Kura: 188 Karl Marx : 226, 512 Karuna (Compassion): 127-30, 296-98, 317, 345, 435.

Kasi: 1, 289-90, 408, 524, 561 Kasi Bhardwaja: 486-88 Kassyapa, the great: 216, 398-99 Kassyapas (Jatilas): 137-40 Kasyapa, a parivrajika : 56 Kaundinya : 56 Kausambi (Country): 290 Kaya : 263 Keniya, a fire worshipper: 526-27 Kesaputta (town): 276 Keshavati: 555 Khandas: 262 Khanti : 127, 128 Khattiyas: 486 Khema, sister: 333-36 Kimbila: 170 Kisa Gotami: 35, 575-76 Koliyas : 1, 2, 24-29, 31, 34, 56, 57, 58, 168, 559 —versus Sakyas : 24-29, 31 Kosala (Country): 1, 2, 27, 28, 31, 65, 1446, 204, 251, 276, 281, 287, 289, 290, 333-36, 375, 385, 409, 494, 519, 524, 527-28.

Kosalas: 281, 560, 561 Kosambi (town): 526, 555 Kotigam: 541 Krishna: 222 Kriya (result): 97 Kshatriya (s): 11, 25, 26, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 301, 306.

Kumbhaka : 64 Kuru (Country): 1, 153, 533 Kurubaka tree : 18 Kusa grass : 37, 61 Kusala Kamma (good deeds and thoughts): 44, 127, 243-45 Kushinara: 1, 533, 543, 544, 548, 553, 555-61 —Upavana of: 553 Kutadanta Brahmin : 264-68 Kutagara Hall: 193 L Lakkana, a Brahmin : 3 Laukik Nibbana : 233 Liberty: 226, 325 Lichhavis of Vaishali: 1, 206, 318, 441, 477, 478, 485, 542, 559 —receive alms-bowl of Buddha : 542 Lodhra trees : 46 Lohikka Brahmin: 287-90 Lopamudra: 20 Lotus, Prince Bodhi’s palace : 524 Lumbini: 533 Lumbinivana : 4 M Madhura (town): 376 Madhyama Marga: 120, 238, 395 (Majjhima Patipada) or the Middle Way (also see Ashtanga Marg)

INDEX

Madri: 20 Magadha : 1, 45, 49, 65, 112, 144-45, 206, 292, 406-8, 486, 494, 507, 527, 541, 559, 561, 570.

Magadha Brahmins : 144-46 Magic: 315 Magnetic field: 263 Maha Sudassana, the King: 555 Maha Vigeta, the King: 265-67 Maha-Tanha-Sankhya-Sutta : 350 Mahakalpas : 98 Mahakamma-Vibhanga sutta : 350 Mahakassyapa: 98, 556-57 Mahakotthita : 330-32 Mahali: 261, 541 Mahamaya: 2-5, 9, 215 —her dream : 3-4.

—Death of: 8 Mahanama (Cousin of Siddharth): 9, 34, 168 Mahanama, the Parivrajaka: 56 Mahanama, the Sakya: 579-81 Mahanidan Suttanta : 239 Mahaprajapati Gotami: 2, 8-9, 11, 14, 30-34, 81, 163, 164, 270, 535 —Gift of self-made cloth : 583 —Conversion of: 193-96 Mahavana : 193 Mahavira: 98, 284, 508, 541 Mahiddhi: 81 Maitri : 127-29, 296-300, 345 Makkhali Ghosal: 97, 99, 249, 550, 570 Makuta Bandhana, a shrine: 558 Mallas of Anupiya: 318, 440-4 Mallas of Kushinara: 1, 544, 555, 559, 561 Mallas of Pava: 1, 559, 561 Mallika, the queen : 320, 376, 522-24, 568 Malunkya Putta : 396-97 Mamata, the daughter of Maruta : 20 Manaskata: 251 Mandhatri : 50 Mansarovar: 3 Mantani, Angulimal’s mother: 206 Manti, a Brahmin : 3 Mantras (Hymns): 81, 83 Mara: 74 Marga Data : 218 Maru: 74 Maruta: 20 Matangi: 197-99 Matsya : 1 Mauryas: 1 Maxwell: 596 Mendaka: 466 Mendaka, Vishakha’s Grandfather: 519 Miccha ditti: 124 Migara, a citizen of Shravasti: 519-21 Migarmata : 521 Milind, the King of Bactria : 341, 348-49 Mindfulness: 366-67 Mithila: 1 Moggallana: 141-43, 163, 166 —called Dharma Senapati: 538 Moggallana, the Brahmin: 218-20 Mohammad, the Prophet: 215, 221 Moksha (with reference to Brahminism): 195 Moksha Data : 218 Monks: (see Bhikkhus)

Moon, the : 20 Moral order: 242-45 Morality :

—and Dhamma : 322-25 —and religion : 322 —takes place of God : 322 —must be sacred : 323 —and Equality : 325 —and Fraternity : 325 —and Liberty: 325 Moses: 221 Mrugavana : 578 (see also Deer park) Muchalind, a Naga King : 138-39 Mudita (Joy): 76 Muslims : 215 N Nadi Kassyapa : 137 Nadika (town): 476, 533, 541 Nagas : 138, 297 Nagasena: 341-42, 348-49 Nahusha : 50 Naimittic (Sacrifices): 264 Nairanjana, river: 66, 73, 119 Nakulpita, the Householder: 578-79 Nalagiri, the Elephant: 494 Nalaka Village : 537 Nalanda: 444, 533, 541 Nali Dhyan, a Brahmin : 523 Nama-Khanda : 262 Nama-rupa: 77, 262, 340-41 Nanda (Younger brother of Siddharth): 9 Nandaka: 196 Naradatta: 5, 8 Narayana: 81, 82 Need to kill: 346 Negari: 65