Appendices

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES

should not be determined on the basis of the numerical strength of the community, and that in any case the Mahomedan representatives should never be an ineffective minority; (2) that as far as possible, appointment by election should be given preference over nomination; (3) that for the purposes of choosing Mahomedan members, Mahomedan landowners, lawyers, merchants and representatives of other important interests of a status to be subsequently determined by your Excellency’s Government, Mahomedan members of the Provincial Councils and Mahomedan fellows of universities should be invested with electoral powers to be exercised in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed by your Excellency’s Government in that behalf.

The Executive Council An impression has lately been gaining ground that one or more Indian Members may be appointed on the Executive Council of the Viceroy. In the event of such appointment being made we beg that the claims of Mahomedans in that connection may not be overlooked. More than one Mahomedan, we venture to say, will be found in the country fit to serve with distinction in that august chamber.

A Mahomedan University We beg to approach your Excellency on a subject which must closely affect our national welfare. We are convinced that our aspirations as a community and our future progress are largely dependent on the foundation of a Mahomedan University which will be the centre of our religious and intellectual life. We therefore most respectfully pray that your Excellency will take steps to help us in an undertaking in which our community is so deeply interested.

In conclusion, we beg to assure your Excellency that in assisting the Mahomedan subjects of His Majesty at this stage in the development of Indian affairs in the directions indicated in the present address, your Excellency will be strengthening the basis of their unswerving loyalty to the Throne and laying the foundation of their political advancement and national prosperity, and your Excellency’s name will be remembered with gratitude by their posterity for generations to come, and we feel confident

that your Excellency will be gracious enough to give due consideration to our prayers. We have the honour to subscribe ourselves, Your Excellency’s most obedient and humble servants. LORD MINTO’S REPLY Appreciation of Mahomedan aspirations After the address, His Excellency rose and delivered a most sympathetic reply, which was frequently punctuated with cheers and cries of “Hear, hear” from the members of the deputation, particularly when his Excellency declared that he was entirely in accord with the views of the deputation that any electoral system must take cognizance of the various religious beliefs of this great Empire and that the British Government would always in the future as in the past safeguard the political rights of the different communities entrusted to their charge. The Viceroy concluded by thanking the deputation for affording him the unique opportunity of meeting so many representative men.

The Viceroy said :— Your Highness and Gentlemen, Allow me before I attempt to reply to the many considerations your address embodies, to welcome you heartily to Simla. Your presence here today is very full of meaning. To the document which you have presented me are attached the signatures of nobles, of Ministers of various States, of great landowners, of lawyers, of merchants and of many others of His Majesty’s subjects. I welcome the representative character of your deputation as expressing the views and aspirations of the enlightened Muslim community of India. I feel that all you have said emanates from a representative body basing its opinions on a matured consideration of the existing political conditions of India, totally apart from the small personal or political sympathies and antipathies of scattered localities, and I am grateful to you for the opportunity you are affording me of expressing my appreciation of the just aims of the followers of Islam and their determination to share in the political history of our Empire. As your Viceroy, I am proud of the recognition you express of the benefits conferred by British rule on the diverse races of

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES

many creeds who go to form the population of this huge continent. You yourselves, the descendants of a conquering and ruling race, have told me to-day of your gratitude for the personal freedom, the liberty of worship, the general peace and the hopeful future which British administration has secured for India.

Help in the Past It is interesting to look back on early British efforts to assist the Mahomedan population to qualify themselves for the public service. In 1782 Warren Hastings founded the Calcutta Madrassah with the intention of enabling its students to compete on more equal terms with the Hindus for employment under Government. In 1811 my ancestor, Lord Minto, advocated improvements in the Madrassah and the establishment of Mahomedan Colleges at other places throughout India. In later years the efforts of the Mahomedan Association led to the Government resolution of 1885 dealing with the educational position of the Mahomedan community and their employment in the public service, whilst Mahomedan educational effort has culminated in the College of Aligarh that great institution which the noble and broad-minded devotion of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan has dedicated to his co-religionists.

The Aligarh College It was in July 1877 that Lord Lytton laid the foundationstone of Aligarh, when Sir Syed Ahmed Khan addressed these memorable words to the Viceroy: “The personal honour which you have done me assures me of a great fact and fills me with feelings of a much higher nature than mere personal gratitude. I am assured that you, who upon this occasion represent the British rule, have sympathies with our labours and this assurance is very valuable and a source of great happiness. At my time of life it is a comfort to me to feel that the undertaking which has been for many years, and is now the sole object of my life has roused on the one hand the energies of my own countrymen, and on the other has won the sympathy of our British fellow-subjects and the support of our rulers, so that when the few years I may still be spared are over, and when I shall be no

longer amongst you, the College will still prosper and succeed in educating my countrymen to have the same affection for their country, the same feelings of loyalty for the British rule, the same appreciation of its blessings, the same sincerity of friendship with our British fellow-subjects as have been the ruling feelings of my life.”

Sir Syed’s Influence Aligarh has won its laurels. Its students have gone forth to fight the battle of life strong in the tenets of their own religion, strong in the precepts of loyalty and patriotism, and now when there is much that is critical in the political future of India the inspiration of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and the teachings of Aligarh shine forth brilliantly in the pride of Mahomedan history, in the loyalty, commonsense and sound reasoning so eloquently expressed in your address. But, gentlemen, you go on to tell me that sincere as your belief is in the justice and fair dealings of your rulers, you cannot but be aware that “recent events ” have stirred up feelings amongst the younger generation of Mahomedans which might “pass beyond the control of temperate counsel and sober guidance.” Policy in Eastern Bengal Now I have no intention of entering into any discussion upon the affairs of Eastern Bengal and Assam, yet I hope that without offence to anyone I may thank the Mahomedan community of the new Province for the moderation and self-restraint they have shown under conditions which were new to them, and as to which there has been inevitably much misunderstanding, and that I may at the same time sympathise with all that is sincere in Bengalee sentiments. But above all, what I would ask you to believe is that the course the Viceroy and the Government of India have pursued in connection with the affairs of the new Province, the future of which is now I hope assured, has been dictated solely by a regard for what has appeared best for its present and future populations as a whole, irrespective of race or creed and that the Mahomedan community of Eastern Bengal and Assam can rely as firmly as ever on British justice

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES

and fairplay for the appreciation of its loyalty and the safeguarding of its interests.

The unrest in India You have addressed me, gentlemen, at a time when the political atmosphere is full of change. We all feel it would be foolish to attempt to deny its existence, hopes and ambitions new to India are making themselves felt. We cannot ignore them—we should be wrong to wish to do so — but to what is all this unrest due? Not to the discontent of misgoverned millions — I defy anyone honestly to assert that — not to say uprising of a disaffected people.

Fruits of Western Education It is due to that educational growth in which only a very small portion of the population has as yet shared, of which British rule first sowed the seed and the fruits of which British rule is now doing its best to foster and to direct. There may be many tares in the harvest we are now reaping. The Western grain which we have sown may not be entirely suitable to the requirements of the people of India but the educational harvest will increase as years go on, and the healthiness of the nourishment it gives will depend on the careful administration and distribution of its products. You need not ask my pardon, gentlemen, for telling me that “Representative institutions of the European type are entirely new to the people of India” or that their introduction here requires the most earnest thought and care. I should be very far from welcoming all the political machinery of the Western world amongst the hereditary instincts and traditions of Eastern races. Western breadth of thought, the teachings of Western civilisation, the freedom of British individuality can do much for the people of India, but I recognise with you that they must not carry with them an impracticable insistence of the acceptance of political methods. Political Future of Mahomedans And now, gentlemen, I come to your own position in respect to the political future; the position of the Mahomedan community for whom you speak. You will, I feel sure, recognise that it is

impossible for me to follow you through any detailed consideration of the conditions and the share that the community has a right to claim in the administration of public affairs. I can at present only deal with generalities. The points which you have raised are before the Committee, which, as you know, I have lately appointed to consider the question of presentation (? representation), and I will take care that your address is submitted to them, but at the same time I hope I may be able to reply to the general tenor of your remarks without in any way forestalling the Committee’s report. The Question of Representation The pith of your address, as I understand it, is a claim that in any system of representation whether it affects a Municipality, a District Board or a Legislative Council, in which it is proposed to introduce or increase an electoral organisation, the Mahomedan community should be represented as a community. You point out that in many cases electoral bodies, as now constituted, cannot be expected to return a Mahomedan candidate, and that if by chance they did so it could only be at the sacrifice of such a candidate’s view to those of a majority opposed to his own community whom he would in no way represent, and you justly claim that your numerical strength both in respect to the political importance of your community and the service it has rendered to the Empire entitle you to consideration. I am entirely in accord with you ; please do not misunderstand me. I make no attempt to indicate by what means the representation of communities can be obtained, but I am as firmly convinced as I believe you to be that any electoral representation in India would be doomed to mischievous failure which aimed at granting a personal enfranchisement regardless of the beliefs and traditions of the communities composing the population of this continent. The great mass of the people of India have no knowledge of representative institutions. I agree with you, gentlemen, that the initial rungs in the ladder of self-government are to be found in the Municipal and District Boards and that it is in that direction that we must look for the gradual political education of the people.

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES

An Assurance In the meantime I can only say to you that the Mahomedan community may rest assured that their political rights and interests as a community will be safeguarded in any administrative reorganization with which I am concerned and that you and the people of India may rely upon the British Raj to respect, as it has been its pride to do, the religious beliefs and the national traditions of the myriads composing the population of His’ Majesty’s Indian Empire. Your Highness and Gentlemen, I sincerely thank you for the unique opportunity your deputation has given me of meeting so many distinguished and representative Mahomedans. I deeply appreciate the energy and interest in public affairs which have brought you here from great distances, and I only regret that your visit to Simla is necessarily so short.

APPENDIX XIII

ALLOCATION OF SEATS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935, FOR THE LOWER HOUSE IN EACH PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURE Province.

Total Seats.

General Seats.

Seats for representatives of backward areas and tribes.

Sikh Seats.

Mahomedan Seats.

Anglo-Indian Seats.

European Seats.

Indian Christian Seats.

Seats for representatives of commerce, industry, mining and planting.

Land-holders Seats.

University Seats.

Seats for representatives of labour.

Seats for Women.

Total of General Seats.

General Seats reserved for Scheduled Castes.

General.

Sikh.

Mahomedan.

Anglo-Indian.

Indian Christian.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Madras .. .. .. .. 215 146 30 1 .. 28 2 3 8 6 6 1 6 6 .. 1 .. 1 Bombay .. .. .. .. 175 114 15 1 .. 29 2 3 3 7 2 1 7 5 .. 1 .. .. Bengal .. .. .. .. 250 78 30 .. .. 117 3 11 2 19 5 2 8 2 .. 2 1 .. United Provinces .. .. .. 228 140 20 .. .. 64 1 2 2 3 6 1 3 4 .. 2 .. .. The Punjab .. .. .. 175 42 8 .. 31 84 1 1 2 1 5 1 3 1 1 2 .. .. Bihar .. .. .. .. 152 86 15 7 .. 39 1 2 1 4 4 1 3 3 .. 1 .. .. Central Provinces and Berar .. 112 84 20 1 .. 14 1 1 .. 2 3 1 2 3 .. .. .. .. Assam .. .. .. .. 108 47 7 9 .. 34 .. 1 1 11 .. .. 4 1 .. .. .. .. North-West Frontier Province .. 60 9 .. .. 3 36 .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Orissa .. .. .. .. 60 44 6 5 .. 4 .. .. 1 1 2 .. 1 2 .. .. .. .. Sind .. .. .. .. 60 18 .. .. .. 33 .. 2 .. 2 2 .. 1 1 .. 1 .. .. In Bombay seven of the general seats shall be reserved for Marathas. In the Punjab one of the Land-holders seats shall be a seat to be filled by a Tumandar. In Assam and Orissa the seats reserved for women shall be non-communal seats.

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX XIV

ALLOCATION OF SEATS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935, FOR THE UPPER HOUSE IN EACH PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURE Province. Total of Seats. General Seats. Mahomedan Seats. European Seats. Indian Christian Seats. Seats to be filled by Legislative Assembly. Seats to be filled by Governor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Madras .. .. ..

Not less than 54 35 7 1 3 ..

Not less than 8 Not more than 56 Not more than 10 Bombay .. .. ..

Not less than 29 20 5 1 .. ..

Not less than 3 Not more than 30 Not more than 4 Bengal .. .. ..

Not less than 63 10 17 3 .. 27 Not less than 6 Not more than 65 Not more than 8 United Provinces .. ..

Not less than 58 34 17 1 .. ..

Not less than 6 Not more than 60 Not more than 8 Bihar .. .. ..

Not less than 29 9 4 1 .. 12 Not less than 3 Not more than 30 Not more than 4 Assam .. .. ..

Not less than 21 10 6: 2 .. ..

Not less than 3 Not more than 22 Not more than 4

APPENDIX XV

ALLOCATION OF SEATS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935, FOR THE LOWER HOUSE OF THE FEDERAL LEGISLATURE FOR BRITISH INDIA Province. Total Seats.

General Seats.

Sikh Seats.

Maho- medan Seats.

Anglo- Indian Seats.

Euro- pean Seats.

Indian Christian Seats.

Seats for representatives of commerce and industry.

Land holders Seats.

Seats for represent- atives of labour.

Women’s Seats.

Total of General Seats.

General Seats reserved for Sche- duled Castes.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Madras .. .. .. 37 19 4 .. 8 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 Bombay .. .. .. 30 13 2 .. 6 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 Bengal .. .. .. 37 10 3 .. 17 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 United Provinces .. .. 37 19 3 .. 12 1 1 1 .. 1 1 1 The Punjab .. .. 30 6 1 6 14 .. 1 1 .. 1 .. 1 Bihar .. .. .. 30 16 2 .. 9 .. 1 1 .. 1 1 1 Central Provinces and Berar .. 15 2 .. 3 .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 Assam .. .. .. 10 4 1 .. 3 .. 1 1 .. .. 1 .. North-West Frontier Province 5 1 .. .. 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Orissa .. .. .. 5 4 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Sind .. .. .. 5 1 .. .. 3 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. British Baluchistan .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Delhi .. .. .. 2 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ajmer-Merwara .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Coorg .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Non-Provincial Seats .. 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. 1 .. Total .. 250 105 19 6 82 4 8 8 11 7 10 9

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX XVI

ALLOCATION OF SEATS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935, FOR THE UPPER CHAMBER OF THE FEDERAL LEGISLATURE FOR BRITISH INDIA Province or Community. Total Seats. General Seats. Seats for Scheduled Castes. Sikh Seats. Maho- medan Seats. Women’s Seats. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Madras .. .. .. .. 20 14 1 .. 4 1 Bombay .. .. .. 16 10 1 .. 4 1 Bengal .. .. .. .. 20 8 1 .. 10 1 United Provinces .. .. 20 11 1 .. 7 1 The Punjab .. .. .. 16 3 .. 4 8 1 Bihar .. .. .. .. 16 10 1 .. 4 1 Central Provinces and Berar .. 8 6 1 .. 1 .. Assam .. .. .. .. 5 3 .. .. 2 .. North-West Frontier Province .. 5 1 .. .. 4 .. Orissa .. .. .. .. 5 4 .. .. 1 .. Sind .. .. .. .. 5 2 .. .. 3 .. British Baluchistan .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Delhi .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. Ajmer-Merwara .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. Coorg .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. Anglo-Indians .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Europeans .. .. .. 7 .. .. .. .. .. Indian Christians .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. Total .. 150 75 6 4 49 6

APPENDIX XVII

ALLOCATION OF SEATS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935, FOR THE LOWER AND UPPER HOUSE OF THE FEDERAL LEGISLATURE FOR INDIAN STATES States and Groups of States.

Number of seats in the Council of State.

States and Groups of States.

Number of Seats in the Federal Assembly.

Population 1 2 3 4 5 DIVISION I DIVISION I Hyderabad .. .. .. 5 Hyderabad .. .. .. 16 14,436,142 DIVISION II DIVISION II Mysore .. .. .. .. 3 Mysore .. .. .. .. 7 6,557,302 DIVISION III DIVISION III Kashmir .. .. .. 3 Kashmir .. .. .. 4 8,646,243 DIVISION IV DIVISION IV Gwalior .. .. .. .. 3 Gwalior .. .. .. .. 4 3,523,070 DIVISION V DIVISION V Baroda .. .. .. .. 3 Baroda .. .. .. .. 3 2,443,007 DIVISION VI DIVISION VI Kalat .. .. .. .. 2 Kalat .. .. .. .. 1 342,101 DIVISION VII DIVISION VII Sikkim .. .. .. .. 1 Sikkim .. .. .. .. .. 109,808 DIVISION VIII DIVISION VIII

1. Rampur .. .. .. 1 1. Rampur .. .. .. 1 465,225

2. Benares .. .. .. 1 2. Benares .. .. .. 1 391,272 DIVISION IX DIVISION IX

1. Travancore .. .. .. 2 1. Travancore .. .. .. 5 5,095,973

2. Cochin .. .. .. 2 2. Cochin .. .. .. 1 1,205,016

3. Pudukkottai .. 1 3. Pudukkottai .. 1 400,694 Banganapalle .. Banganapalle .. 39,218 Sandur .. .. .. Sandur .. .. 13,583 DIVISION X DIVISION X

1. Udaipur .. .. .. 2 1. Udaipur .. .. .. 2 1,566,910

2. Jaipur .. .. .. 2 2. Jaipur .. .. .. 3 2,631,775

3. Jodhpur .. .. .. 2 3. Jodhpur .. .. .. 2 2,125,982

4. Bikaner .. .. .. 2 4. Bikaner .. .. .. 1 936,218

5. Alwar .. .. .. 1 5. Alwar .. .. .. 1 749,751

6. Kotah .. .. .. 1 6. Kotah .. .. .. 1 685,804

7. Bharatpur .. .. .. 1 7. Bharatpur .. .. .. 1 486,954

8. Tonk .. .. .. .. 1 8. Tonk .. .. .. .. 1 317,360

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES

APPENDIX XVII– ( Contd.)

States and Groups of States.

Number of seats in the Council of State.

States and Groups of States.

Number of Seats in the Federal Assembly.

Population 1 2 3 4 5 DIVISION X– (Continued)

DIVISION X–

(Continued)

9. Dholpur … … … 1 9. Dholpur … … 1 254,986

10. Karauli … … … 1 Karauli … … 140,525

11. Bundi … … … 1 10 Bundi … … 1 216,722

12. Sirohi … … … 1 Sirohi … … 216,528

13. Dungarpur … … … 1 11. Dungarpur … … 1 227,544

14. Banswara … … … 1 Banswara … … 260,670

15. Partabgarh … … 1 12. Partabgarh … … 1 76,539 Jhalawar … … Jhalawar … … 107,890

16. Jaisalmer … … 1 13. Jaisalmer … … 1 76.255 Kishengarh … … Kishengarh … … 85,744 DIVISION XI DIVISION XI

1. Indore … … … 2 1. Indore … … … 2 1,825,089

2. Bhopal … … … 2 2. Bhopal … … … 1 729,955

3. Rewa … … … 2 3. Rewa … … … 2 1,587,445

4. Datia … … 1 4. Datia … … 1 158,834

5. Orchha … … Orchha 314,661

6. Dhar … … … 1 5. Dhar … … 243,430

7. Dewas (Senior) … 1 Dewas (Senior) … 1 83,321 Dewas (Junior) … Dewas (Junior) … 70,513

8. Jaora … … 1 6. Jaora … … 1 100,166 Ratlam … … Ratlam … … 107,321

9. Panna … … 7. Panna … … 212,130 Samthar … … 1 Samthar … … 1 33,307 Ajaigarh … … Ajaigarh … … 85,895

10. Bijawar … … 8. Bijawar … … 115,852 Charkbari … … 1 Charkbari … … 1 120,351 Chhatarpur … … Chhatarpur … … 161,267

11. Baoni … … 9. Baoni … … 19,132 Nagod … … Nagod … … 1 74,589 Maihar … … 1 Maihar … … 68,991 Baraundha … … Baraundha … … 16,071

12. Barwani … … 10. Barwani … … 141,110 Ali Rajpur … … 1 Ali Rajpur … … 1 101,963 Shahpura … … Shahpura … … 54,233

13. Jhabua … … 11. Jhabua … … 145,522 Sailana … … 1 Saiiana … … 1 35,223 Sitamau … … Sitamau … … 28,422

14. Rajgarh … … 12. Rajgarh … … 134,891 Narsingarh … … 1 Narsingarh … … 1 113,873 Khilchipur … … Khilchipur … … 45,583

APPENDIX XVII– ( Contd.)

States and Groups of States.

Number of seats in the Council of State.

States and Groups of States.

Number of Seats in the Federal Assembly.

Population 1 2 3 4 5 DIVISION XII DIVISION XII

1. Cutch … … … 1 1. Cutch … … … 1 514,307

2. Idar … … … 1 2. Idar … … … 1 262,660

3. Nawanagar … … … 1 3. Nawanagar … … … 1 409,192

4. Bhavnagar … … … 1 4. Bhavnagar … … … 1 500,274

5. Junagadh … … … 1 5. Junagadh … … … 1 545,152

6. Rajpipla … … 1 6. Rajpipla … … 1 206,114 Palanpur … … Palanpur … … 264,179

7. Dhrangadhra … 1 7. Dhrangadhra … 1 88,961 Gondal … ... Gondal … ... 205,846

8. Porbandar … … 1 8. Porbandar … … 1 115,673 Morvi … … Morvi … … 113,023

9. Radhaupur … … 9. Radhaupur … … 70,530 Wankaner .. … 1 Wankaner ... … 1 44,259 Palitana … … Palitana … … 624,150

10. Cambay … … 1 10. Cambay … … 1 87,701 Dharampur … … Dharampur … … 112,031 Balasinor … … Balasinor … … 52,527

11. Baria … … 11. Baria … … 159,429 Chhota Udepur … 1 Chhota Udepur … 1 144,640 Sant … … Sant … … 83,531 Lunawada … … Lunawada … … 95,162

12. Bansda … … 12. Bansda … … 48,839 Sachin … … 1 Sachin … … 22,107 Jawhar .. … Jawhar ... … 57,261 Danta … … Danta … … 26,196

13. Dhrol … … Dhrol … … 27,639 Limbdi … … 1 Limbdi … … 1 40,088 Wadhwan … … Wadhwan … … 42,602 Rajkot … … Rajkot … … 75,540 DIVISION XIII DIVISION XIII

1. Kolhapur … .. … 2 1. Kolhapur … ... … 1 957,137

2. Sangli … … 2. Sangli … … 258,442 Savantvadi … … 1 Savantvadi … … 1 230,589

3. Jabhura … … 3. Jabhura … … 110,379 Mudhol … … 1 Mudhol … … 1 62,832 Bhor … … Bhor … … 141,546

4. Jamkhandi … … 4. Jamkhandi … … 114,270 Miraj (Senior) … Miraj (Senior) … 93,938 Miraj (Junior) … Miraj (Junior) … 1 40,684 Kurundwad (Senior) … 1 Kurundwad (Senior) … 44,204 Kurundwad (Junior) … Kurundwad (Junior) … 75,540

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES

APPENDIX XVII – (Contd.)

States and Groups of States.

Number of seats in the Council of State.

States and Groups of States.

Number of Seats in the Federal Assembly.

Population 1 2 3 4 5 DIVISION XIII- (Continued)

DIVISION XIII -

(Continued)

5. Akalkot … … 5. Akalkot … … 92,605 Phaltan … … Phaltan … … 58,761 Jath … … 1 Jath … … 1 91,099 Aundh … … Aundh … … 76,507 Ramdurg … … Ramdurg … … 35,454 DIVISION XIV DIVISION XIV

1. Patiala … … … 2 1. Patiala … … … 2 1,625,520

2. Bhawalpur … … … 2 2. Bhawalpur … … … 1 984,612

3. Khairpur … … … 1 3. Khairpur … … … 1 227,183

4. Kapurthala … … … 1 4. Kapurthala … … … 1 316,757

5. Jind … … … … 1 5. Jind … … … 1 324.676

6. Nabha … … … 1 6. Nabha … … … 1 287,574

7. Tehri-Garhwal ... … 1 349,573

7. Mandi … … 1

8. Mandi … … … 1 207,465 Bilaspur … … Bilaspur … … 100,994 Suket … … Suket … … 58,408

8. Tehri-Garhwal … 1

9. Sirmur … … 1 148,568 Sirmur … … Chamba … … 146.870 Chamba … …

9. Faridkot … … 1

10. Faridkot … … 1 164,364 Malerkotia … … Malerkotia … … 83,072 Loharu … … Loharu … … 23,338 DIVISION XV DIVISION XV

1. Cooch Behar … … … 1 1. Cooch Behar … … … 1 590,886

2. Tripura … … 1 2. Tripura … … … 1 382,450Manipur … … 3. Manipur … … ... 1 445,606 DIVISION XVI DIVISION XVI

1. Mayurbhanj … … 1 1. Mayurbhanj … … … 1 889,603 Sonepur … … 2. Sonepur … … … 1 237,920

2. Patna … … 1 3. Patna … … … 1 566,924 Kalahandi … … 4. Kalahandi … … ... 1 513,716

3. Keonjhar … … 1

5. Keonjhar … … ... 1 460,609 Dhenkanul … … 6. Gangpur … … … 1 356.674 Nayagarli … … 7. Bastar … … … 1 524,721 Talcher … … 8. Surgnja … … … 1 501,939 Nilgiri … …

APPENDIX XVII – (Contd.)

States and Groups of States.

Number of seats in the Council of State.

States and Groups of States.

Number of Seats in the Federal Assembly.

Population 1 2 3 4 5 DIVISION XVI– (Continued)

DIVISION XVI–

(Continued)

4. Gangpur … … 9. Dhenkanal … … 3 284,326 Bamra … … Nayagarh … … 142,406 Seraikela … … 1 Seraikela … … 143,525 Baud … … Baud . … … 135,248 Bonal … … Talcher … … 69,702 Bonal … … 80,186

5. Bastar … … 1 Nilgiri … … 68,594 Surguja … … Bamra … … 151,047 Raigarh . … … Nandgaon … …

6. Khairgarh … … 1

10. Raigarh … … 3 277,569 Jashpur … … Khairagarh … … 157,400 Kanker … … Jashpur … … 193,698 Korea … … Ranker … … 136,101 Sarangarh … … Sarangarh … … 128,967 Korea … … 90,886 Nandgaon … … 182,380 DIVISION XVII DIVISION XVII States not mentioned in any of the preceding Divisions, but described in paragraph 12 of this Part of this Schedule.

2 States not mentioned in any of the preceding Divisions but described in paragraph 12 of this Part of this Schedule.

5 3,047,129 Total Population of the States in this Table 78,996,844

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES APPENDIX XVIII COMMUNAL AWARD BY HIS MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT–1932

In the statement made by the Prime Minister on 1st December last on behalf of His Majesty’s Government at the close of the second session of the Round Table Conference, which was immediately afterwards endorsed by both Houses of Parliament, it was made plain that if the communities in India were unable to reach a settlement acceptable to all parties on the communal questions which the Conference had failed to solve His Majesty’s Government were determined that India’s constitutional advance should not on that account be frustrated, and that they would remove this obstacle by devising and applying themselves a provisional scheme.

2. On the 19th March last His Majesty’s Government, having been informed that the continued failure of the communities to reach agreement was blocking the progress of the plans for the framing of a new Constitution, stated that they were engaged upon a careful re-examination of the difficult and controversial questions which arise. They are now satisfied that without a decision of at least some aspects of the problems connected with the position of minorities under the new Constitution, no further progress can be made with the framing of the Constitution.

3. His Majesty’s Government have accordingly decided that they will include provisions to give effect to the scheme set out below in the proposals relating to the Indian Constitution to be laid in due course before Parliament. The scope of this scheme is purposely confined to the arrangements to be made for the representation of the British Indian communities in the Provincial Legislatures, consideration of representation in the Legislature at the Centre being deferred for the reason given in paragraph 20 below. The decision to limit the scope of the scheme implies no failure to realise that the framing of the Constitution

* Parliamentary Paper (Command 4147) of 1932. Officially it is spoken of as Communal Decision.

will necessitate the decision of a number of the problems of great importance to minorities, but has been taken in the hope that once a pronouncement has been made upon the basic questions of method and proportions of representation the communities themselves may find it possible to arrive at a modus vivendi on other communal problems, which have not as yet received the examination they require.

4. His Majesty’s Government wish it to be most clearly understood that they themselves can be no parties to any negotiations which may be initiated with a view to the revision of their decision, and will not be prepared to give consideration to any representation aimed at securing the modification of it which is not supported by all the parties affected. But they are most desirous to close no door to an agreed settlement should such happily be forthcoming. If, therefore before a new Government of India Act has passed into law, they are satisfied that the communities who are concerned are mutually agreed upon a practicable alternative scheme, either in respect of any one or more of the Governors’ Provinces or in respect of the whole of the British India, they will be prepared to recommend to Parliament that that alternative should be submitted for the provisions now outlined.

5. Seats in the Legislative Councils in the Governors’ Provinces, or in the Lower House if there is an Upper Chamber, will be allocated as shown in the annexed table.*

6. Election to the seats allotted to Muhammadan, European and Sikh constituencies will be by voters voting in separate communal electorates covering between them the whole area of the Province (apart from any portions which may in special cases be excluded from the electoral area as “backward”). Provision will be made in the Constitution itself to empower a revision of this electoral arrangement (and the other similar arrangements mentioned below) after 10 years with the assent of the communities affected, for the ascertainment of which suitable means will be devised.

7. All qualified electors, who are not voters either in a Muhammadan, Sikh, Indian Christian (see paragraph 10 below),

* See page 370.

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES

Anglo-Indian (see paragraph 11 below) or European constituency, will be entitled to vote in a general constituency.

8. Seven seats will be reserved for Mahrattas in certain selected plural member general constituencies in Bombay.

9. Members of the “depressed classes” qualified to vote will vote in a general constituency. In view of the fact that for a considerable period these classes would be unlikely, by this means alone, to secure any adequate representation in the Legislature, a number of special seats will be assigned to them as shown in the table. These seats will be filled by election from special constituencies in which only members of the “depressed classes” electorally qualified will be entitled to vote. Any person voting in such a special constituency will, as stated above, be also entitled to vote in a general constituency. It is intended that these constituencies should be formed in selected areas where the Depressed Classes are most numerous, and that, except in Madras, they should not cover the whole area of the Province.

In Bengal it seems possible that in some general constituencies a majority of the voters will belong to the Depressed Classes. Accordingly, pending further investigation, no number has been fixed for the members to be returned from the special Depressed Class constituencies in that Province. It is intended to secure that the Depressed Classes should obtain not less than 10 seats in the Bengal Legislature. The precise definition in each Province of those who (if electorally qualified) will be entitled to vote in the special Depressed Class constituencies has not yet been finally determined. It will be based as a rule on the general principles advocated in the Franchise Committee’s Report. Modification may, however, be found necessary in some Provinces in Northern India where the application of the general criteria of untouchability might result in a definition unsuitable in some respects to the special conditions of the Province. His Majesty’s Government do not consider that these special Depressed Class constituencies will be required for more than a limited time. They intend that the Constitution shall provide that they shall come to an end after 20 years if they have not

previously been abolished under the general powers of electoral revision referred to in paragraph 6.

10. Election to the seats allotted to Indian Christians will be by voters voting in separate communal electorates. It seems almost certain that practical difficulties will, except possibly in Madras, prevent the formation of Indian Christian constituencies covering the whole area of the Province, and that accordingly special Indian Christian constituencies will have to be formed only in one or two selected areas in the Province. Indian Christian voters in these areas will not vote in a general constituency. Indian Christian voters outside these areas will vote in a general constituency. Special arrangements may be needed in Bihar and Orissa, where a considerable proportion of the Indian Christian community belongs to the aboriginal tribes.

11. Election to the seats allotted to Anglo-Indians will be by voters voting in separate communal electorates. It is at present intended, subject to investigation of any practical difficulties that may arise, that the Anglo-Indian constituencies shall cover the whole area of each Province, a postal ballot being employed; but no final decision has yet been reached.

12. The method of filling the seats assigned for representatives from backward areas is still under investigation, and the number of seats so assigned should be regarded as provisional pending a final decision as to the constitutional arrangements to be made in relation to such areas.

13. His Majesty’s Government attach great importance to securing that the new Legislatures should contain at least a small number of women members. They feel that at the outset this object could not be achieved without creating a certain number of seats specially allotted to women. They also feel that it is essential that women members should not be drawn disproportionately from one community. They have been unable to find any system which would avoid this risk, and would be consistent with the rest of the scheme for representation which they have found it necessary to adopt, except that of limiting the electorate for each special women’s seat to voters from one community.* The special women’s seats have accordingly been specifically

* Subject to one exception, see note ( e) to Table, Appendix XVI.

PAKISTAN : APPENDICES

divided, as shown in the table, between the various communities. The precise electoral machinery to be employed in these special constituencies is still under consideration.

14. The seats allotted to “Labour” will be filled from noncommunal constituencies. The electoral arrangements have still to be determined, but it is likely that in most Provinces the Labour constituencies will be partly trade union and partly special constituencies as recommended by the Franchise Committee.

15. The special seats allotted to Commerce and Industry, Mining and Planting will be filled by election through Chambers of Commerce and various Associations. The details of the electoral arrangements for these seats must await further investigation.

16. The special seats allotted to Land-holders will be filled by election by special Land-holders’ constituencies.

17. The method to be employed for election to the University seats is still under consideration.

18. His Majesty’s Government have found it impossible in determining these questions of representation in the Provincial Legislatures to avoid entering into considerable detail. There remains, nevertheless, the determination of the constituencies. They intend that this task should be undertaken in India as early as possible.

It is possible that in some instances delimitation of constituencies might be materially improved by slight variations from the numbers of seats now given. His Majesty’s Government reserve the right to make such slight variations, for such purpose, provided that they would not materially affect the essential balance between communities. No such variations will, however, be made in the case of Bengal and Punjab.

19. The question of the composition of Second Chambers in the Provinces has so far received comparatively little attention in the constitutional discussions and requires further consideration before a decision is reached as to which Provinces shall have a Second Chamber or a scheme is drawn up for their composition.

His Majesty’s Government consider that the composition of the Upper House in a Province should be such as not to disturb in any essential the balance between the communities resulting from the composition of the Lower House.

20. His Majesty’s Government do not propose at present to enter into the question of the size and composition of the Legislature at the Centre, since this involves among other questions that of representation of the Indian States which still needs further discussion. They will, of course, when considering the composition, pay full regard to the claims of all communities for adequate representation therein.

21. His Majesty’s Government have already accepted the principle that Sind should be constituted a separate Province, if satisfactory means of financing it can be found. As the financial problems involved still have to be reviewed in connection with other problems of federal finance, His Majesty’s Government have thought preferable to include, at this stage, figures for a Legislature for the existing Province of Bombay, in addition to the schemes for separate Legislatures for Bombay Presidency proper and Sind.

22. The figures given for Bihar and Orissa relate to the existing Province. The question of constituting a separate Province of Orissa is still under investigation.

23. The inclusion in the table of figures relating to a Legislature for the Central Provinces including Berar does not imply that any decision has yet been reached regarding the future constitutional position of Berar. London, 4th August, 1932.